Defeat of the Spanish Armada

On Friday, July 29, 1588, a group of English gentlemen decided to socialize by bowling after their midday meal. They walked to the Howe, a grassy area overlooking the harbor of Plymouth, one of England's leading seaports. The men were dressed in the finery of Elizabethan dress, proving they were no ordinary people. One of them was Charles Howard, Duke of Effingham, cousin of Elizabeth I and Grand Admiral of England. Howard was a capable administrator with a genuine concern for the welfare of ordinary sailors, but he was also a political appointee. However, Howard was fortunate to have some of the greatest sailors of his time under his command. One of his playmates that day was Sir Francis Drake, England's leading privateer, known for his daring raids on Spanish colonies and shipping on the high seas. The stocky Devonshire sailor became famously known as "El Drake." Howard and Drake knew that a large Spanish invasion force, called the Grande y Felicissima Armada, had set sail a few weeks earlier and was probably approaching the southern coast of the island nation. Tensions were high and preparations were underway to resist the invaders, but there wasn't much else the English could do until they knew where the Armada was. The news came quickly. Captain Thomas Fleming of the scouting ship Golden Hind arrived to report startling news: the Armada had been spotted near the Isles of Sairee, not far from the southwestern tip of Cornwall. The long-awaited crisis was looming, but Drake, as usual, remained calm. "We have plenty of time to finish the game and defeat the Spaniards," he said. The privateer knew the area well, and there was a high tide at the time. A strong southwesterly wind was also blowing, so the English fleet was temporarily stranded in Plymouth. They had to wait for the low tide, which came in around 10 p. m.

The origin of the Spanish fleet was a political and religious conflict trying to tear the 16th century Europe. The Spanish King Philip II was the strongest ruler in the Christian country, dominating distant territories, such as Castilla, Aragon, Sicily, Milan, Naples, the Netherlands, Dijon, and Franch Conte. Thanks to Columbus's groundbreaking voyage, Spain has pioneered the colonization of the new continent. In the mi d-16th century, gold and silver from Mexico and Peru flowed into the Spanish national treasury, and Philip gained wealth and power. In 1580, Spain absorbed nearby Portugal and inherited vast commercial empires in Asia. Spain's power has reached the peak, and Spain has become a great empire over the world.

The Spanish Armada

Spain was also a leading Catholic forces in Europe swaying in Protestant's religious reforms. The opposition of each other created prejudice and religious persecution, sometimes causing public war. In France, a minority of Protestant was competing with Catholicism over the control of the kingdom. The situation was different in England. Henry VIII established the British Church because the Pope did not permit the divorce with the Queen Catherine of Aragon. From Catholic's eyes, Elizabeth was a "daughter of incidence" and a private child who had no British throne inheritance.

Elizabeth was basically a tolerant woman. When he gained power in 1558, she revived his father, British Church. It was an interim and compromise church, which was a prototestant, but incorporating a lot of Catholic rituals. It was also an attempt to unite the people and end the religious conflict. Puritan (radical protests) and a small number of eager Catholic believers refused to compromise, but most British people took this trend and attended the British Church worship.

Conflict over Commerce

Lord Francis Drake was only reflected in bloo d-hungry pirates in the Spanish eyes. < SPAN> The origin of the Spanish fleet was in a political and religious conflict trying to split Europe in the 16th century. The Spanish King Philip II was the strongest ruler in the Christian country, dominating distant territories, such as Castilla, Aragon, Sicily, Milan, Naples, the Netherlands, Dijon, and Franch Conte. Thanks to Columbus's groundbreaking voyage, Spain has pioneered the colonization of the new continent. In the mi d-16th century, gold and silver from Mexico and Peru flowed into the Spanish national treasury, and Philip gained wealth and power. In 1580, Spain absorbed nearby Portugal and inherited vast commercial empires in Asia. Spain's power has reached the peak, and Spain has become a great empire over the world.

Spain was also a leading Catholic forces in Europe swaying in Protestant's religious reforms. The opposition of each other created prejudice and religious persecution, sometimes causing public war. In France, a minority of Protestant was competing with Catholicism over the control of the kingdom. The situation was different in England. Henry VIII established the British Church because the Pope did not permit the divorce with the Queen Catherine of Aragon. From Catholic's eyes, Elizabeth was a "daughter of incidence" and a private child who had no British throne inheritance.

Elizabeth was basically a tolerant woman. When he gained power in 1558, she revived his father, British Church. It was an interim and compromise church, which was a prototestant, but incorporating a lot of Catholic rituals. It was also an attempt to unite the people and end the religious conflict. Puritan (radical protests) and a small number of eager Catholic believers refused to compromise, but most British people took this trend and attended the British Church worship.

Lord Francis Drake was only reflected in bloo d-hungry pirates in the Spanish eyes. The origin of the Spanish fleet was a political and religious conflict trying to tear the 16th century Europe. The Spanish King Philip II was the strongest ruler in the Christian country, dominating distant territories, such as Castilla, Aragon, Sicily, Milan, Naples, the Netherlands, Dijon, and Franch Conte. Thanks to Columbus's groundbreaking voyage, Spain has pioneered the colonization of the new continent. In the mi d-16th century, gold and silver from Mexico and Peru flowed into the Spanish national treasury, and Philip gained wealth and power. In 1580, Spain absorbed nearby Portugal and inherited vast commercial empires in Asia. Spain's power has reached the peak, and Spain has become a great empire over the world.

“Heretical” Queen Elizabeth’s Proxy War

Spain was also a leading Catholic forces in Europe swaying in Protestant's religious reforms. The opposition of each other created prejudice and religious persecution, sometimes causing public war. In France, a minority of Protestant was competing with Catholicism over the control of the kingdom. The situation was different in England. Henry VIII established the British Church because the Pope did not permit the divorce with the Queen Catherine of Aragon. From Catholic's eyes, Elizabeth was a "daughter of incidence" and a private child who had no British throne inheritance.

Elizabeth was basically a tolerant woman. When he gained power in 1558, she revived his father, British Church. It was an interim and compromise church, which was a prototestant, but incorporating a lot of Catholic rituals. It was also an attempt to unite the people and end the religious conflict. Puritan (radical protests) and a small number of eager Catholic believers refused to compromise, but most British people took this trend and attended the British Church worship.

Building up for War

Lord Francis Drake was only reflected in bloo d-hungry pirates in the Spanish eyes.

In the early days of Elizabeth, the relationship between England and Spain was deeply friendly. The first conflict between the two countries was in the 1560s. As the British economy revived, the United Kingdom became new to overseas trade and commerce. Devonsha's Trading John Hawkins felt that the Spanish New World Colonial was a no n-developed source of commercial wealth, but Spain had suppressed foreign trade with American territory. It was illegal to trade with Spanish colonies, and those who did it were welcomed. Hawkins was willing to take danger and began a slave trade voyage to the United States in the 1560s. Even the queen also got before the profits.

A Preemptive Raid at Cadiz

In the end, Hawkins's luck was exhausted. When his tattered ship arrived in San Van de Urua, a powerful Spanish treasure ship arrived on the scene and in effect he trapped him. After some negotiations, a gentleman agreement was concluded in which English would be peaceful. But it was a trap. The Spanish army attacked, and after a fierce battle, only two British ships succeeded in escaping through the net. One was Hawkins, and the other was conducted by his young cousin Francis Drake. The incident was a bitter memory of British and Drake, including Hawkins and Drake, and they vowed revenge. Ingrand private boat (Spanish was called pirates) attacked Spanish colonents and treasure ships in the sea. England and Spain had officially kept peace for the next 30 years, but eventually were destined for two superpower to collide. < SPAN> In the early days of Elizabeth, the relationship between England and Spain was deeply and friendly. The first conflict between the two countries was in the 1560s. As the British economy revived, the United Kingdom became new to overseas trade and commerce. Devonsha's Trading John Hawkins felt that the Spanish New World Colonial was a no n-developed source of commercial wealth, but Spain had suppressed foreign trade with American territory. It was illegal to trade with Spanish colonies, and those who did it were welcomed. Hawkins was willing to take danger and began a slave trade voyage to the United States in the 1560s. Even the queen also got before the profits.

In the end, Hawkins's luck was exhausted. When his tattered ship arrived in San Van de Urua, a powerful Spanish treasure ship arrived on the scene and in effect he trapped him. After some negotiations, a gentleman agreement was concluded in which English would be peaceful. But it was a trap. The Spanish army attacked, and after a fierce battle, only two British ships succeeded in escaping through the net. One was Hawkins, and the other was conducted by his young cousin Francis Drake. The incident was a bitter memory of British and Drake, including Hawkins and Drake, and they vowed revenge. Ingrand private boat (Spanish was called pirates) attacked Spanish colonents and treasure ships in the sea. England and Spain had officially kept peace for the next 30 years, but eventually were destined for two superpower to collide. In the early days of Elizabeth, the relationship between England and Spain was deeply friendly. The first conflict between the two countries was in the 1560s. As the British economy revived, the United Kingdom became new to overseas trade and commerce. Devonsha's Trading John Hawkins felt that the Spanish New World Colonial was a no n-developed source of commercial wealth, but Spain had suppressed foreign trade with American territory. It was illegal to trade with Spanish colonies, and those who did it were welcomed. Hawkins was willing to take danger and began a slave trade voyage to the United States in the 1560s. Even the queen also got before the profits.

“No Experience Either of the Sea or of War”

In the end, Hawkins's luck was exhausted. When his tattered ship arrived in San Van de Urua, a powerful Spanish treasure ship arrived on the scene and in effect he trapped him. After some negotiations, a gentleman agreement was concluded in which English would be peaceful. But it was a trap. The Spanish army attacked, and after a fierce battle, only two British ships succeeded in escaping through the net. One was Hawkins, and the other was conducted by his young cousin Francis Drake. The incident was a bitter memory of British and Drake, including Hawkins and Drake, and they vowed revenge. Ingrand private boat (Spanish was called pirates) attacked Spanish colonents and treasure ships in the sea. England and Spain had officially kept peace for the next 30 years, but eventually were destined for two superpower to collide.

Soon Philip became another dissatisfaction with England's "heretical" Queen. The Netherlands openly revolted against Spain's rule, and Philip tried to cruelly suppress it. The fact that most of the rebels were Protestant also spurred Spain's enthusiasm and brutality. As time has passed, it has become clear that the existence of a powerful and potential hostile Spanish army right behind the British and French Strait is not a good idea for England. Elizabeth began to provide a secret to the Dutch rebels. The intensification of religious conflicts also driven Elizabeth. In 1570, Pope VII issued a document REGNANS IN Excelcis, an excommunicated, an excommunicated, a heretical and usurpose. The Catholic subject was exempted from loyalty to Elizabeth and the government. Later, the Pope issued the Imperial Order and encouraged England Catholics to overthrow the Queen. This is a direct challenge, and has been discovered for many years to assassinate Elizabeth and replace it with the Catholic cousin, Scotland Queen Mary. Mary, arrested in England, was finally executed in 1587 for a sin in conspiracy.

Organization of the Fleet

For Philip, Queen Scottish was the last straw. Mary, who had been connected with a strong bond with France, did not have a great affection, but the patience of the king had reached its limit. On the night of March 31, 1587, Philip issued an order from Escorial, a shady palace and monastery, Escorial, on the plains, where Castilla's sun shines. The carriers sent communication to every corner of the vast Spanish empire. Barcelona and Naples Arsenes were ordered to send all available weapons to the Atlantic Fleet. The notification from the royal family was accurate, and there was no omission to the details. Add a ship to the fleet, and the existing ships must be prepared for a long voyage. < SPAN> Philip immediately became dissatisfied with England's "heretical" Queen. The Netherlands openly revolted against Spain's rule, and Philip tried to cruelly suppress it. The fact that most of the rebels were Protestant also spurred Spain's enthusiasm and brutality. As time has passed, it has become clear that the existence of a powerful and potential hostile Spanish army right behind the British and French Strait is not a good idea for England. Elizabeth began to provide a secret to the Dutch rebels. The intensification of religious conflicts also driven Elizabeth. In 1570, Pope VII issued a document REGNANS IN Excelcis, an excommunicated, an excommunicated, a heretical and usurpose. The Catholic subject was exempted from loyalty to Elizabeth and the government. Later, the Pope issued the Imperial Order and encouraged England Catholics to overthrow the Queen. This is a direct challenge, and has been discovered for many years to assassinate Elizabeth and replace it with the Catholic cousin, Scotland Queen Mary. Mary, arrested in England, was finally executed in 1587 for a sin in conspiracy.

For Philip, Queen Scottish was the last straw. Mary, who had been connected with a strong bond with France, did not have a great affection, but the patience of the king had reached its limit. On the night of March 31, 1587, Philip issued an order from Escorial, a shady palace and monastery, Escorial, on the plains, where Castilla's sun shines. The carriers sent communication to every corner of the vast Spanish empire. Barcelona and Naples Arsenes were ordered to send all available weapons to the Atlantic Fleet. The notification from the royal family was accurate, and there was no omission to the details. Add a ship to the fleet, and the existing ships must be prepared for a long voyage. Soon Philip became another dissatisfaction with England's "heretical" Queen. The Netherlands openly revolted against Spain's rule, and Philip tried to cruelly suppress it. The fact that most of the rebels were Protestant also spurred Spain's enthusiasm and brutality. As time has passed, it has become clear that the existence of a powerful and potential hostile Spanish army right behind the British and French Strait is not a good idea for England. Elizabeth began to provide a secret to the Dutch rebels. The intensification of religious conflicts also driven Elizabeth. In 1570, Pope VII issued a document REGNANS IN Excelcis, an excommunicated, an excommunicated, a heretical and usurpose. The Catholic subject was exempted from loyalty to Elizabeth and the government. Later, the Pope issued the Imperial Order and encouraged England Catholics to overthrow the Queen. This is a direct challenge, and has been discovered for many years to assassinate Elizabeth and replace it with the Catholic cousin, Scotland Queen Mary. Mary, arrested in England, was finally executed in 1587 for a sin in conspiracy.

For Philip, Queen Scottish was the last straw. Mary, who had been connected with a strong bond with France, did not have a great affection, but the patience of the king had reached its limit. On the night of March 31, 1587, Philip issued an order from Escorial, a shady palace and monastery, Escorial, on the plains, where Castilla's sun shines. The carriers sent communication to every corner of the vast Spanish empire. Barcelona and Naples Arsenes were ordered to send all available weapons to the Atlantic Fleet. The notification from the royal family was accurate, and there was no omission to the details. Add a ship to the fleet, and the existing ships must be prepared for a long voyage.

Lisbon was lively like a beehive, and the ship was overhauled, caulated, and covered with beast fat. In preparation for the voyage, hemp, canvas, tackle and spar from the Baltic Sea were brought in. Philip took years to make a decision, but once a decision was made, he was more and more impatient. Admiral Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis Santa Cruz, was ordered to leave the fleet by the spring of 1587. The Marquis was one of the greatest Admiral in Spain, was used to fighting and experienced. He knew that England was a tough opponent and wanted a powerful force that could not overcome anything. Santa Cruz demanded 556 fleets and nearly 95, 000 troops. Looking at an estimate of 4 million ducts, which is astronomical, four years of income from a new continator in Spain, Philip must have been a point. Santa Cruz's idea was rejected for its exorbitants, but was preparing for the Holy Crusade to rebuild the Catholic Church in the UK.

Hazards of the Voyage

In the paintings of Frank Moss Bennett in 1944, Drake and other gentlemen have casually finished a bowl game before facing the Spanish army.

On the other hand, the UK side was watching the situation while gaining vigilance. Sir Francis Walsingham, a queen spy master, had an efficient network of an operative. Francis Drake suggested that Spain would be preempted before Almada departed. The queen was carefully approved. The queen wanted purely peace, but the threat was so large that he could not ignore it. Drake led 25 ships and departed for Cadis, Spain's largest port on the southeast coast. When we arrived, 60 ships were lined up in the port, from the smallest babel to the magnificent Genoa merchant ship. He captured as much as possible and burned the rest. In his calculation, Drake destroyed 24 Spanish ships and took six ships packed with supplies. < SPAN> Lisbon was lively like a beehive, the ship was overhauled, caulated, and covered with beasts. In preparation for the voyage, hemp, canvas, tackle and spar from the Baltic Sea were brought in. Philip took years to make a decision, but once a decision was made, he was more and more impatient. Admiral Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis Santa Cruz, was ordered to leave the fleet by the spring of 1587. The Marquis was one of the greatest Admiral in Spain, was used to fighting and experienced. He knew that England was a tough opponent and wanted a powerful force that could not overcome anything. Santa Cruz demanded 556 fleets and nearly 95, 000 troops. Looking at an estimate of 4 million ducts, which is astronomical, four years of income from a new continator in Spain, Philip must have been a point. Santa Cruz's idea was rejected for its exorbitants, but was preparing for the Holy Crusade to rebuild the Catholic Church in the UK.

The English Flank the Armata

In the paintings of Frank Moss Bennett in 1944, Drake and other gentlemen have casually finished a bowl game before facing the Spanish army.

On the other hand, the UK side was watching the situation while gaining vigilance. Sir Francis Walsingham, a queen spy master, had an efficient network of an operative. Francis Drake suggested that Spain would be preempted before Almada departed. The queen was carefully approved. The queen wanted purely peace, but the threat was so large that he could not ignore it. Drake led 25 ships and departed for Cadis, Spain's largest port on the southeast coast. When we arrived, 60 ships were lined up in the port, from the smallest babel to the magnificent Genoa merchant ship. He captured as much as possible and burned the rest. In his calculation, Drake destroyed 24 Spanish ships and took six ships packed with supplies. Lisbon was lively like a beehive, and the ship was overhauled, caulated, and covered with beast fat. In preparation for the voyage, hemp, canvas, tackle and spar from the Baltic Sea were brought in. Philip took years to make a decision, but once a decision was made, he was more and more impatient. Admiral Alvaro de Bazan, Marquis Santa Cruz, was ordered to leave the fleet by the spring of 1587. The Marquis was one of the greatest Admiral in Spain, became accustomed to fighting and experienced. He knew that England was a tough opponent and wanted a powerful force that could not overcome anything. Santa Cruz demanded 556 fleets and nearly 95, 000 troops. Looking at an estimate of 4 million ducts, which is astronomical, four years of income from a new continator in Spain, Philip must have been a point. Santa Cruz's idea was rejected for its exorbitants, but was preparing for the Holy Crusade to rebuild the Catholic Church in the UK.

In the paintings of Frank Moss Bennett in 1944, Drake and other gentlemen have casually finished a bowl game before facing the Spanish army.

On the other hand, the UK side was watching the situation while gaining vigilance. Sir Francis Walsingham, a queen spy master, had an efficient network of an operative. Francis Drake suggested that Spain would be preempted before Almada departed. The queen was carefully approved. The queen wanted purely peace, but the threat was so large that he could not ignore it. Drake led 25 ships and departed for Cadis, Spain's largest port on the southeast coast. When we arrived, 60 ships were lined up in the port, from the smallest babel to the magnificent Genoa merchant ship. He captured as much as possible and burned the rest. In his calculation, Drake destroyed 24 Spanish ships and took six ships packed with supplies.

The Battle Begins

The attack in Cadis made up of Spain's plan and delayed Almada for a year. Philip's damages were estimated to be 200, 000 duccuts, and the Armada Cadis category was effectively destroyed. The Spanish monarch calmly accepted this news and decided to move further than ever. At that time, he was rarely noticed, but after attacking Cadis, he headed to Cape St. Vincent. Drake sailed on a tuna fishing ground and sunk many Spanish fishing boats. Almada needed a salted fish stock for a long voyage. A cunning British also encountered a merchant ship with the best barrel material for mizumaru and other containers. These ships were sunk at the bottom of the ship. For the next few months, Almada will have to rely on Aoki barrels, which accelerate water and food corruption.

Philip was frustrated by an endless delay and continued to send a letter to hurry Santa Cruz. "Most of the success depends on speed." Hurry! " Santa Cruz, who was exhausted by his responsibilities, collapsed and died on February 9, 1588. Death at the age of 62 made suspicious projects even more suspicious. However, by this time, Philip was convinced that he was a god tool that punishes his improper England. After a short piggyback, he appointed Santa Cruz, Prince of Medin a-Sydonia, Alonso de Gusman El Bueno.

Medin a-Sidonia was appalled to hear his appointment and did everything to be exempted. He wrote in a letter of pleading. "I often get seasick and always catch a cold." The Duke attempted a more rational rebuttal because this pathetic tactic was not heard. "I don't think I should conduct such an important business because I have no sea experience or war experience." Medin a-Sidonia accepted his fate, as the king did not try to change his thoughts. In the spring of 1588, Almada was finally ready for sailing. It was a powerful ship of 130 ships and was composed of almost all kinds of ships. Galleon ships, galley boats moving with paddles, carac vessels with square outfitting, and large belly transport ships. The fleet was manipulated by 8, 000 sailors, carrying about 20, 000 soldiers, and impressive weapons, including 2, 431 cannons. < SPAN> attacks in Caddys made Spanish planned and delayed Almada for a year. Philip's damages were estimated to be 200, 000 duccuts, and the Armada Cadis category was effectively destroyed. The Spanish monarch calmly accepted this news and decided to move further than ever. At that time, he was rarely noticed, but after attacking Cadis, he headed to Cape St. Vincent. Drake sailed on a tuna fishing ground and sunk many Spanish fishing boats. Almada needed a salted fish stock for a long voyage. A cunning British also encountered a merchant ship with the best barrel material for mizumaru and other containers. These ships were sunk at the bottom of the ship. For the next few months, Almada will have to rely on Aoki barrels, which accelerate water and food corruption.

Differences in Doctrine

Philip was frustrated by an endless delay and continued to send a letter to hurry Santa Cruz. "Most of the success depends on speed." Hurry! " Santa Cruz, who was exhausted by his responsibilities, collapsed and died on February 9, 1588. Death at the age of 62 made suspicious projects even more suspicious. However, by this time, Philip was convinced that he was a god tool that punishes his improper England. After a short piggyback, he appointed Santa Cruz, Prince of Medin a-Sydonia, Alonso de Gusman El Bueno.

Medin a-Sidonia was appalled to hear his appointment and did everything to be exempted. In a letter of pleading, he writes: "I often get seasick and always catch a cold." The Duke attempted a more rational rebuttal because this pathetic tactic was not heard. "I don't think I should conduct such an important business because I have no sea experience or war experience." Medin a-Sidonia accepted his fate, as the king did not try to change his thoughts. In the spring of 1588, Almada was finally ready for sailing. It was a powerful ship of 130 ships and was composed of almost all kinds of ships. Galleon ships, galley boats moving with paddles, carac vessels with square outfitting, and large belly transport ships. The fleet was manipulated by 8, 000 sailors, carrying about 20, 000 soldiers, and impressive weapons, including 2, 431 cannons. The attack in Cadis made up of Spain's plan and delayed Almada for a year. Philip's damages were estimated to be 200, 000 duccuts, and the Armada Cadis category was effectively destroyed. The Spanish monarch calmly accepted this news and decided to move further than ever. At that time, he was rarely noticed, but after attacking Cadis, he headed to Cape St. Vincent. Drake sailed on a tuna fishing ground and sunk many Spanish fishing boats. Almada needed a salted fish stock for a long voyage. Cunning British people also encountered merchant ships with the best barrel materials in mizumaru and other containers. These ships were sunk at the bottom of the ship. For the next few months, Almada will have to rely on Aoki barrels, which accelerate water and food corruption.

A Tactical Stalemate

Philip was frustrated by an endless delay and continued to send a letter to hurry Santa Cruz. "Most of the success depends on speed." Hurry! " Santa Cruz, who was exhausted by his responsibilities, collapsed and died on February 9, 1588. Death at the age of 62 made suspicious projects even more suspicious. However, by this time, Philip was convinced that he was a god tool that punishes his improper England. After a short piggyback, he appointed Santa Cruz, Prince of Medin a-Sydonia, Alonso de Gusman El Bueno.

Medin a-Sidonia was appalled to hear his appointment and did everything to be exempted. He wrote in a letter of pleading. "I often get seasick and always catch a cold." The Duke attempted a more rational rebuttal because this pathetic tactic was not heard. "I don't think I should conduct such an important business because I have no sea experience or war experience." Medin a-Sidonia accepted his fate, as the king did not try to change his thoughts. In the spring of 1588, Almada was finally ready for sailing. It was a powerful ship of 130 ships and was composed of almost all kinds of ships. Galleon ships, galley boats moving with paddles, carac vessels with square outfitting, and large belly transport ships. The fleet was manipulated by 8, 000 sailors, carrying about 20, 000 soldiers, and impressive weapons, including 2, 431 cannons.

The soldiers needed food, and Philip has secured supplies that Almada can hold for six months. 800, 000 pounds, 600, 000 pounds of salted pork, 11 million pounds biscuits, and 14, 000 barrel wine were packed in cargo. There were also 11, 000 pairs of sandals, 5000 pairs of shoes, and thousands of plows and shovels to dig trenches in siege. Since it was a holy crusade, a lot of precautions were paid for the spiritual welfare of the expedition. Approximately 180 priests and monks also boarded, performed religious services, and could convert British people.

130 ships were divided into 10 squadrons. The first two squadron contained the strongest ship in Almada, mainly Castilla and Portugal's galleon ships. Medin a-Sidonia belongs to the group and sailed on Portugal Galleon San Martin with Chief of Staff, Diego Flores de Valdes. There were also Biske Fleet, Gyps Core Fleet, Andalcian Fleet, and Levant Fleet, mainly composed of armed merchant ships. The Levant fleet was a collection of ships from all over Europe, eloquently spoken of Spain's power and influence. There were also boats from Benis, Geno, Naples, Barcelona in the Mediterranean, Lagusa in the Adriatic Sea, and Hamburg in the North Sea.

English Fireships Breed Confusion

A flagship of San Martin and Almada.

Returning to England, Drake and his colleagues urged the Queen to launch a first strike. Elizabeth was a good rule, but sometimes irritated. Especially when we are preparing for war while continuing peace negotiations. Palma Alexander Farnese was the Governor of Philip's Holland, but he encouraged Elizabeth to think that negotiations were still possible. There is room for debate whether the queen really believed in Parma's rhetorical phrase. Elizabeth was a real political master. If the negotiations can be realized, there is no better. If not, Elizabeth was able to rely on England's excellent ships and marines to protect their territory. < SPAN> soldiers needed food, and Philip has secured supplies that Almada can hold for six months. 800, 000 pounds, 600, 000 pounds of salted pork, 11 million pounds biscuits, and 14, 000 barrel wine were packed in cargo. There were also 11, 000 pairs of sandals, 5000 pairs of shoes, and thousands of plows and shovels to dig trenches in siege. Since it was a holy crusade, a lot of precautions were paid for the spiritual welfare of the expedition. Approximately 180 priests and monks also boarded, performed religious services, and could convert British people.

Howard Takes the San Lorenzo

130 ships were divided into 10 squadrons. The first two squadron contained the strongest ship in Almada, mainly Castilla and Portugal's galleon ships. Medin a-Sidonia belongs to the group and sailed on Portugal Galleon San Martin with Chief of Staff, Diego Flores de Valdes. There were also Biske Fleet, Gyps Core Fleet, Andalcian Fleet, and Levant Fleet, mainly composed of armed merchant ships. The Levant fleet was a collection of ships from all over Europe, eloquently spoken of Spain's power and influence. There were also boats from Benis, Geno, Naples, Barcelona in the Mediterranean, Lagusa in the Adriatic Sea, and Hamburg in the North Sea.

A flagship of San Martin and Almada.

Returning to England, Drake and his colleagues urged the Queen to launch a first strike. Elizabeth was a good rule, but sometimes irritated. Especially when we are preparing for war while continuing peace negotiations. Palma Alexander Farnese was the Governor of Philip's Holland, but he encouraged Elizabeth to think that negotiations were still possible. There is room for debate whether the queen really believed in Parma's rhetorical phrase. Elizabeth was a real political master. If the negotiations can be realized, there is no better. If not, Elizabeth was able to rely on England's excellent ships and marines to protect their territory. The soldiers needed food, and Philip has secured supplies that Almada can hold for six months. 800, 000 pounds, 600, 000 pounds of salted pork, 11 million pounds biscuits, and 14, 000 barrel wine were packed in cargo. There were also 11, 000 pairs of sandals, 5000 pairs of shoes, and thousands of plows and shovels to dig trenches in siege. Since it was a holy crusade, a lot of precautions were paid for the spiritual welfare of the expedition. Approximately 180 priests and monks also boarded, performed religious services, and could convert British people.

Sir Francis Drake and the Battle of Gravelines

130 ships were divided into 10 squadrons. The first two squadron contained the strongest ship in Almada, mainly Castilla and Portugal's galleon ships. Medin a-Sidonia belongs to the group and sailed on Portugal Galleon San Martin with Chief of Staff, Diego Flores de Valdes. There were also Biske Fleet, Gyps Core Fleet, Andalcian Fleet, and Levant Fleet, mainly composed of armed merchant ships. The Levant fleet was a collection of ships from all over Europe, eloquently spoken of Spain's power and influence. There were also boats from Benis, Geno, Naples, Barcelona in the Mediterranean, Lagusa in the Adriatic Sea, and Hamburg in the North Sea.

A flagship of San Martin and Almada.

Tactical Draw, English Strategic Victory

Returning to England, Drake and his colleagues urged the Queen to launch a first strike. Elizabeth was a good rule, but sometimes irritated. Especially when we are preparing for war while continuing peace negotiations. Palma Alexander Farnese was the Governor of Philip's Holland, but he encouraged Elizabeth to think that negotiations were still possible. There is room for debate whether the queen really believed in Parma's rhetorical phrase. Elizabeth was a real political master. If the negotiations can be realized, there is no better. If not, Elizabeth was able to rely on England's excellent ships and marines to protect their territory.

Almada, carrying 19, 000 soldiers and 10, 000 sailors, left Lisbon on May 28. There were so many ships, and it took two days for the army to leave the port. Expectations were great, but unlucky suffered this business from the beginning. In the spring, the ou t-o f-season storm was hit, and the ship had to scratch the bad weather. The progress of the burden was sluggish, and the fleet had to be put together, so the progress did not progress slowly. When I opened the water barrels, the contents were green and had a bad smell. Spanish barrel craftsmen had to make barrels with green trees, so their food was corrupt. The Almada fleet was repaired and replenished at the Port Corna in the northwestern end of Spain and left for England in early July.

Despite its power and power, Almada was basically a passive mission of transporting 30, 000 Army of Palma from Flandl to England. Without modern communication, adjusting the movement of Almada with the Palma army was at best difficult. The invasion plan seemed to rely on hopeful observations, with little consideration of the realistic issues faced by the project. Almada lacked Rendezvous with Palma and a dee p-sea port, which is a boarding point for invading troops. Most of the Flanders had a lot of problems, the coast was filled with deadly sandbits and dangerous shallow waters, and inland has a maz e-like canal and waterway. Palma had built many fla t-bottomed gardens so that it could reach the deep water depth. The British and French Strait and the adjacent waters were not just natural dangers. The Dutch rebel, which sails on a tw o-mas t-mast gun ship (flybort) with a shallow water depth, used to be clumsy in the ocean as a good prey in the ocean.

On July 29, Howard, who knew Armada's approach, ordered the British fleet to depart immediately. This was easy to say, and strong winds had to blow into the port, and the ship had to be tagged in a long row boat. Even after leaving Primus Port, the England fleet was in a disadvantage. Almada went through the strait at a stable pace, helped by the strong sout h-southwest wind. Spain grasped the weather in this way and turned the wind to manage the boat more effectively than England, even if the England ship was generally small and faster. < SPAN> Armada, with 19, 000 soldiers and 10, 000 sailors, left Lisbon on May 28. There were so many ships, and it took two days for the army to leave the port. Expectations were great, but unlucky suffered this business from the beginning. In the spring, the ou t-o f-season storm was hit, and the ship had to scratch the bad weather. The progress of the burden was sluggish, and the fleet had to be put together, so the progress did not progress slowly. When I opened the water barrels, the contents were green and had a bad smell. Spanish barrel craftsmen had to make barrels with green trees, so their food was corrupt. The Almada fleet was repaired and replenished at the Port Corna in the northwestern end of Spain and left for England in early July.

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Leave a Reply Despite its power and power, Almada was basically a passive mission of transporting 30, 000 Army of Palma from Flandl to England. Without modern communication, adjusting the movement of Almada with the Palma army was at best difficult. The invasion plan seemed to rely on hopeful observations, with little consideration of the realistic issues faced by the project. Almada lacked Rendezvous with Palma and a dee p-sea port, which is a boarding point for invading troops. Most of the Flanders had a lot of problems, the coast was filled with deadly sandbits and dangerous shallow waters, and inland has a maz e-like canal and waterway. Palma had built many fla t-bottomed gardens so that it could reach the deep water depth. The British and French Strait and the adjacent waters were not just natural dangers. The Dutch rebel, which sails on a tw o-mas t-mast gun ship (flybort) with a shallow water depth, used to be clumsy in the ocean as a good prey in the ocean.

On July 29, Howard, who knew Armada's approach, ordered the British fleet to depart immediately. This was easy to say, and strong winds had to blow into the port, and the ship had to be tagged in a long row boat. Even after leaving Primus Port, the England fleet was in a disadvantage. Almada went through the strait at a stable pace, helped by the strong sout h-southwest wind. Spain grasped the weather in this way and turned around with the wind, so that even if the England ship was generally small and faster, it was more effective than England. Armada, carrying 19, 000 soldiers and 10, 000 sailors, left Lisbon on May 28. There were so many ships, and it took two days for the large army to leave the port. Expectations were great, but unlucky suffered this business from the beginning. In the spring, the ou t-o f-season storm was hit, and the ship had to scratch the bad weather. The progress of the burden was sluggish, and the fleet had to be put together, so the progress did not progress slowly. When I opened the water barrels, the contents were green and had a bad smell. Spanish barrel craftsmen had to make barrels with green trees, so their food was corrupt. The Almada fleet was repaired and replenished at the Port Corna in the northwestern end of Spain and left for England in early July.