Electronics Free FullText BlockchainBased ECommerce A Review on Applications and Challenges
Blockchain-Based E-Commerce: A Review on Applications and Challenges
The e-commerce platform enables al l-scale companies sell their products and advertise their brands to more people. The e-commerce field is constantly developing as new technologies, services, and how to buy and sell items are developed. The conventional e-commerce system has been suffering from issues such as payment conflict, chargeback, fraud, and lack of transparency, but blockchain transforms e-commerce by making transactions more efficient and secure. You can. The blockchain can be used to build a distributed network that people can safely store and share digital assets. As a result, buyers can access the details of the product, such as the origin of the product and the source, and the risk of fraud is reduced. The application of blockchain in electronic commercial transactions is still in the early stages, but this review uses blockchain from among the available literature from 2017 to 2022. Verify research on electronic commercial transactions.
keyword1. Introduction
As the world evolves into a more digitized form, people's necessities and luxury items are evolving. Consumers prefer to buy online rather than physically visiting stores. In the e-commerce, most of the exchanges between customers and vendors are performed online. Therefore, they need to exchange in a safe way. Online exchanges, especially online trading security, are not always guaranteed. [3, 4] has more common security infringement in which third parties have obtained a huge amount of data. Certain individuals are constantly breaking security and trying to exploit network vulnerabilities. Here is the blockchain. The blockchain is an automatic access control manager of the peer to pier, and is a distributed trass network with a public ledger. A wide range of encryption use in blockchain gives a sense of authority between each network node. < SPAN> e-commerce platform allows companies of all sizes to sell their products and advertise more people. The e-commerce field is constantly developing as new technologies, services, and how to buy and sell items are developed. The conventional e-commerce system has been suffering from issues such as payment conflict, chargeback, fraud, and lack of transparency, but blockchain transforms e-commerce by making transactions more efficient and secure. You can. The blockchain can be used to build a distributed network that people can safely store and share digital assets. As a result, buyers can access the details of the product, such as the origin of the product and the source, and the risk of fraud is reduced. The application of blockchain in electronic commercial transactions is still in the early stages, but this review uses blockchain from among the available literature from 2017 to 2022. Verify research on electronic commercial transactions.
keyword
As the world evolves into a more digitized form, people's necessities and luxury items are evolving. Consumers prefer to buy online rather than physically visiting stores. In the e-commerce, most of the exchanges between customers and vendors are performed online. Therefore, they need to exchange in a safe way. Online exchanges, especially online trading security, are not always guaranteed. [3, 4] has more common security infringement in which third parties have obtained a huge amount of data. Certain individuals are constantly breaking security and trying to exploit network vulnerabilities. Here is the blockchain. The blockchain is an automatic access control manager of the peer to pier, and is a distributed trass network with a public ledger. A wide range of encryption use in blockchain gives a sense of authority between each network node. The e-commerce platform enables al l-scale companies sell their products and advertise their brands to more people. The e-commerce field is constantly developing as new technologies, services, and how to buy and sell items are developed. The conventional e-commerce system has been suffering from issues such as payment conflict, chargeback, fraud, and lack of transparency, but blockchain transforms e-commerce by making transactions more efficient and secure. You can. The blockchain can be used to build a distributed network that people can safely store and share digital assets. As a result, buyers can access the details of the product, such as the origin of the product and the source, and the risk of fraud is reduced. The application of blockchain in electronic commercial transactions is still in the early stages, but this review uses blockchain from among the available literature from 2017 to 2022. Verify research on electronic commercial transactions.
keyword
As the world evolves into a more digitized form, people's necessities and luxury items are evolving. Consumers prefer to buy online rather than physically visiting stores. In the e-commerce, most of the exchanges between customers and vendors are performed online. Therefore, they need to exchange in a safe way. Online exchanges, especially online trading security, are not always guaranteed. [3, 4] has more common security infringement in which third parties have obtained a huge amount of data. Certain individuals are constantly breaking security and trying to exploit network vulnerabilities. Here is the blockchain. The blockchain is an automatic access control manager of the peer to pier, and is a distributed trass network with a public ledger. A wide range of encryption use in blockchain gives a sense of authority between each network node.
The blockchain is a relatively new technology proposed by Nakamoto as a distributed currency component of bitcoin technology. Various applications in public services, social services, and things in the Internet (IoT) of things, banking fields, evaluation systems, medical systems, finance, etc. have revealed interest in blockchain [8, 9, 10]. The blockchain is a type of distributed diversified database and is more secure than the conventional database. As the world of e-commerce expands rapidly, the need for safe and secure communication methods between customers and sellers is increasing every day. The advantages of the dat a-type society can be evaluated, but it is essential to consider how data is stored, used, and spreads. Users have little influence on how centralized organizations use and operate personal information. The blockchain improves the safety, simplicity, and speed of e-commerce platform transactions. Under blockchain protection, users can make more secure transactions and store digital assets. To verify standard online transactions, a third party such as a credit card or bank is required. Currently, electronic commerce, banks, energy, and other industries are progressing rapidly, and new technologies are appearing every day. Sometimes conventional electronic commercial transactions are susceptible to leakage of user data. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to enhance the security of the e-commerce platform using blockchain [12]. The blockchain distributed ledger guarantees the perfection and truth of transactions and eliminates the possibility of falsification. Applications using blockchain have many benefits, such as optimizing corporate management, reducing operating expenses, and strengthening synergy effects (Figure 1). These benefits have already been proven in supply chain management and financial services. < SPAN> blockchain is a relatively new technology proposed by Nakamoto as a distributed currency component of bitcoin technology. Various applications in public services, social services, and things in the Internet (IoT) of things, banking fields, evaluation systems, medical systems, finance, etc. have revealed interest in blockchain [8, 9, 10]. The blockchain is a type of distributed diversified database and is more secure than the conventional database. As the world of e-commerce expands rapidly, the need for safe and secure communication methods between customers and sellers is increasing every day. The advantages of the dat a-type society can be evaluated, but it is essential to consider how data is stored, used, and spreads. Users have little influence on how centralized organizations use and operate personal information.2. E-Commerce
The blockchain improves the safety, simplicity, and speed of e-commerce platform transactions. Under blockchain protection, users can make more secure transactions and store digital assets. To verify standard online transactions, a third party such as a credit card or bank is required. Currently, electronic commerce, banks, energy, and other industries are progressing rapidly, and new technologies are appearing every day. Sometimes conventional electronic commercial transactions are susceptible to leakage of user data. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to enhance the security of the e-commerce platform using blockchain [12]. The blockchain distributed ledger guarantees the perfection and truth of transactions and eliminates the possibility of falsification. Applications using blockchain have many benefits, such as optimizing corporate management, reducing operating expenses, and strengthening synergy effects (Figure 1). These benefits have already been proven in supply chain management and financial services. The blockchain is a relatively new technology proposed by Nakamoto as a distributed currency component of bitcoin technology. Various applications in public services, social services, and things in the Internet (IoT) of things, banking fields, evaluation systems, medical systems, finance, etc. have revealed interest in blockchain [8, 9, 10]. The blockchain is a type of distributed diversified database and is more secure than the conventional database. As the world of e-commerce expands rapidly, the need for safe and secure communication methods between customers and sellers is increasing every day. The advantages of the dat a-type society can be evaluated, but it is essential to consider how data is stored, used, and spreads. Users have little influence on how centralized organizations use and operate personal information.
The blockchain improves the safety, simplicity, and speed of e-commerce platform transactions. Under blockchain protection, users can make more secure transactions and store digital assets. To verify standard online transactions, a third party such as a credit card or bank is required. Currently, electronic commerce, banks, energy, and other industries are progressing rapidly, and new technologies are appearing every day. Sometimes conventional electronic commercial transactions are susceptible to leakage of user data. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to enhance the security of the e-commerce platform using blockchain [12]. The blockchain distributed ledger guarantees the perfection and truth of transactions and eliminates the possibility of falsification. Applications using blockchain have many benefits, such as optimizing corporate management, reducing operating expenses, and strengthening synergy effects (Figure 1). These benefits have already been proven in supply chain management and financial services.
2.1. Types of E-Commerce
Recent studies have shown that blockchain could have a significant impact on electronic commercial transactions [15], but research is still insufficient. E-commerce is briefly described by Targett (2001, P. 4) [17] as "purchasing, marketing, and selling through the Internet." Turban et al. (2004, p. 3) [18] gives a more comprehensive explanation: e-commerce, purchasing, selling, relocating, and relocating products, services, data, through computer networks such as the Internet. It is the process to replace it. As blockchain applications continue to develop, it can have a broad impact on companies and their consumers. This raises some unresolved issues in the area of electronic commerce. As you can see in Table 1, several papers have recent reviews on the use of blockchain in electronic commercial transactions.
By clarifying the current gaps and limits in the literature on the integration of blockchain to electronic commercial transactions, it is possible to add important additions to these studies. By clarifying these gaps in the literature, this study can provide a complete understanding of the potential advantages and issues of integrating the blockchain technology into the electronic commercial industry. Also, this study would be useful by providing critical evaluations on how much different blockchain technology works in the electronic commercial industry. The advantages and disadvantages of various blockchain protocols will help electronic business companies choose blockchain solutions that are optimal for their needs. This study may make it easier to set blockchain integration standards in electronic commercial transactions by emphasizing the sharing of knowledge and the value of cooperation. As a result, the use of blockchain technology in the field of electronic commerce will be more efficient and lon g-term. Critical reviews are highly valued in a wider academic community due to a wide range of connections with scholars in other books and other research fields. Based on the available information, there is no critical review of blockchain and electronic commercial transactions, which focuses on application and issues. Therefore, in this literature review, research on electronic commercial transactions using blockchain from 2017 to 2022 will be examined in focus on application potential and issues. The main purpose of this article is to respond to the following research.
RQ1: What blockchain applications exist in electronic commercial transactions?
RQ2: What issues do blockchain bring electronic commercial transactions?
E-commerce refers to online purchasing and sales. However, e-commerce is more than a financial transaction between customers and companies. It also includes no n-financial exchanges between companies and consumers. It is now considered an electronic commercial transaction to use the World Wide Web in any stage of the transaction life cycle. In existing reviews, the current literature on electronic commercial transactions is classified and systematically organized. NGAI and WAT [27] are one of the initial reviews of electronic commercial transactions. This field will be implemented and supported (eg, corporate strategy and public policy), technical issues (eg, support system, network technology. It is divided into three clear fields: security), application (eg, marketing, payment system, inte r-organizational system). In recent reviews of electronic commerce, reference architecture [28], recommended system [29], online consumer behavior research [30], electronic commercial transactions in specific geographical places [31], consumer exchange. It is focused on themes such as trust construction [32]. In addition to identifying the most important factors for the success of electronic commerce, these frameworks specify criteria to promote the spread of electronic commercial transactions and provide guidelines to develop successful applications. To help, it is interesting for both practitioners and scholars. < SPAN> e-commerce refers to online purchasing and sales. However, e-commerce is more than a financial transaction between customers and companies. It also includes no n-financial exchanges between companies and consumers. It is now considered an electronic commercial transaction to use the World Wide Web in any stage of the transaction life cycle. In existing reviews, the current literature on electronic commercial transactions is classified and systematically organized. NGAI and WAT [27] are one of the initial reviews of electronic commercial transactions, this field, implementation and support (eg, corporate strategy and public policy), technical issues (eg, support system, network technology. It is divided into three clear fields: security), application (eg, marketing, payment system, inte r-organizational system). In recent reviews of electronic commerce, reference architecture [28], recommended system [29], online consumer behavior research [30], electronic commercial transactions in specific geographical places [31], consumer exchange. It is focused on themes such as trust construction [32]. In addition to identifying the most important factors for the success of electronic commerce, these frameworks specify criteria to promote the spread of electronic commercial transactions and provide guidelines to develop successful applications. To help, it is interesting for both practitioners and scholars. E-commerce refers to online purchasing and sales. However, e-commerce is more than a financial transaction between customers and companies. It also includes no n-financial exchanges between companies and consumers. It is now considered an electronic commercial transaction to use the World Wide Web in any stage of the transaction life cycle. In existing reviews, the current literature on electronic commercial transactions is classified and systematically organized. NGAI and WAT [27] are one of the initial reviews of electronic commercial transactions. This field will be implemented and supported (eg, corporate strategy and public policy), technical issues (eg, support system, network technology. It is divided into three clear fields: security), application (eg, marketing, payment system, inte r-organizational system). In recent reviews of electronic commerce, reference architecture [28], recommended system [29], online consumer behavior research [30], electronic commercial transactions in specific geographical places [31], consumer exchange. It is focused on themes such as trust construction [32]. In addition to identifying the most important factors for the success of electronic commerce, these frameworks specify criteria to promote the spread of electronic commercial transactions and provide guidelines to develop successful applications. To help, it is interesting for both practitioners and scholars.
Some academic publications are thoroughly studying the origin of electronic commercial transactions. Kauffman and others have concluded that the field has migrated digital by demonstrating how information technology has transformed e-commerce through business networ k-based value. In the analysis of the strength of e-business introduction and its impact on business performance, WU et al. Are measured by competitors, custome r-oriented, normative pressure, customer power, organizational learning ability, and top management. Corporate characteristics such as competitive environment have built a model that indicates success factors and introduction preliminary factors. The uncertainty in market and technology has a easing effect on the results of business performance. The expansion of the model of the Roberts and Toleman [35] includes the regulatory environment (that is, e-government compliance procedures, electronic government services), the size of the company, and the power of the supply chain, including the power of the suppliers, all as a new advance factor. I am. Use of technology (UTAUT) (promotion conditions, social impact, effort expectation, business performance expectations), technical reception model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness), acceptance theory [36, 37) [36, 37 Additional research based on theoretical frameworks distinguishes the characteristics of the decisio n-determined, the characteristics of innovation, and the environmental factor [38]. Detailed research on the success of electronic commercial transactions and factors that contribute to efficient management is possible for many academic research created in the past 20 years.
The background of the history and development of electronic commercial transactions is closely related to the current electronic commercial category. Over the years, the evolution of electronic commerce has brought new transactions and business models. There are various forms in electronic commercial transactions:
Corporate Consumer (B2C) -This is the most common form of e-commerce, and companies sell directly to consumers through online marketplace, websites, or mobile applications.
2.2. Industry 4.0 and E-Commerce
Corporate transactions (B2B) -Selling products and services to other companies. This includes a wholesale purchase and a relationship with vendors.
Consumer Transactions (C2C) -Consumers sell products and services to other consumers through online marketplace, classification ads, and auction sites. < SPAN> Several academic publications are thoroughly studying the origin of electronic commercial transactions. Kauffman and others have concluded that the field has migrated digital by demonstrating how information technology has transformed e-commerce through business networ k-based value. In the analysis of the strength of e-business introduction and its impact on business performance, WU et al. Are measured by competitors, custome r-oriented, normative pressure, customer power, organizational learning ability, and top management. Corporate characteristics such as competitive environment have built a model that indicates success factors and introduction preliminary factors. The uncertainty in market and technology has a easing effect on the results of business performance. The expansion of the model of the Roberts and Toleman [35] includes the regulatory environment (that is, e-government compliance procedures, electronic government services), the size of the company, and the power of the supply chain, including the power of the suppliers, all as a new advance factor. I am. Use of technology (UTAUT) (promotion conditions, social impact, effort expectation, business performance expectations), technical reception model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness), acceptance theory [36, 37) [36, 37 Additional research based on theoretical frameworks distinguishes the characteristics of the decisio n-determined, the characteristics of innovation, and the environmental factor [38]. Detailed research on the success of electronic commercial transactions and factors that contribute to efficient management is possible for many academic research created in the past 20 years.
The background of the history and development of electronic commercial transactions is closely related to the current electronic commercial category. Over the years, the evolution of electronic commerce has brought new transactions and business models. There are various forms in electronic commercial transactions:
3. Blockchain and E-Commerce
Corporate Consumer (B2C) -This is the most common form of e-commerce, and companies sell directly to consumers through online marketplace, websites, or mobile applications.
Corporate transactions (B2B) -Selling products and services to other companies. This includes a wholesale purchase and a relationship with vendors.
Consumer Transactions (C2C) -Consumers sell products and services to other consumers through online marketplace, classification ads, and auction sites. Some academic publications are thoroughly studying the origin of electronic commercial transactions. Kauffman and others have concluded that the field has migrated digital by demonstrating how information technology has transformed e-commerce through business networ k-based value. In the analysis of the strength of e-business introduction and its impact on business performance, WU et al. Are measured by competitors, custome r-oriented, normative pressure, customer power, organizational learning ability, and top management. Corporate characteristics such as competitive environment have built a model that indicates success factors and introduction preliminary factors. The uncertainty in market and technology has a easing effect on the results of business performance. The expansion of the model of the Roberts and Toleman [35] includes the regulatory environment (that is, e-government compliance procedures, electronic government services), the size of the company, and the power of the supply chain, including the power of the suppliers, all as a new advance factor. I am. Use of technology (UTAUT) (promotion conditions, social impact, effort expectation, business performance expectations), technical reception model (TAM) (perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness), acceptance theory [36, 37) [36, 37 Additional research based on theoretical frameworks distinguishes the characteristics of the decisio n-made, the characteristics of innovation, and the environmental factor [38]. Detailed research on the success of electronic commercial transactions and factors that contribute to efficient management is possible for many academic research created in the past 20 years.
The background of the history and development of electronic commercial transactions is closely related to the current electronic commercial category. Over the years, the evolution of electronic commerce has brought new transactions and business models. There are various forms in electronic commercial transactions:
Corporate Consumer (B2C) -This is the most common form of e-commerce, and companies sell directly to consumers through online marketplace, websites, or mobile applications.
4. Research Methods
Corporate transactions (B2B) -Selling products and services to other companies. This includes a wholesale purchase and a relationship with vendors.
Consumer Transactions (C2C) -Consumers sell products and services to other consumers through online marketplace, classification ads, and auction sites.
Consumer-vs. Corporation (C2B) -This includes products and services from consumers to companies. This includes independent contractors, consultants, and small businesses that sell special products and services.Corporate ant i-administration (B2A) -Selling products and services to government agencies and other public institutions. This includes online tax filing and procurement system.
5. Analysis and Discussion
The blockchain is a relatively new technology proposed by Nakamoto as a distributed currency component of bitcoin technology. Various applications in public services, social services, and things in the Internet (IoT) of things, banking fields, evaluation systems, medical systems, finance, etc. have revealed interest in blockchain [8, 9, 10]. The blockchain is a type of distributed diversified database and is more secure than the conventional database. As the world of e-commerce expands rapidly, the need for safe and secure communication methods between customers and sellers is increasing every day. The advantages of the dat a-type society can be evaluated, but it is essential to consider how data is stored, used, and spreads. Users have little influence on how centralized organizations use and operate personal information.The evolution of electronic commercial transactions has been brought in by technological advances and changes in consumer behavior. It is expected that new forms of electronic commercial transactions will appear in the future with the advancement of technology.
The Industry 4. 0 manufacturing industry has recently emerged in intelligent customization and mass personalization production. [39] Gives the option of personalization of products, taking into account different customers, taking into account different customers in digital technology and electronic commercial transactions. Industry 4. 0 is characterized by the fusion of physical and digital worlds, gradually expanding not only to the industrial sector but also to other sector, especially the e-commerce division. The e-commerce player has begun a business strategy using industrial 4. 0 technology. The customization process linked to the industrial 4. 0 technology offers a major possibility of continuous growth in the E-commerce division. The e-commerce accelerated the digitalization of companies and consumers, creating productive digital workflows.
The rise of Industry 4. 0, which is the tide of industrial technology aiming for automation and data exchange, accelerates the integration of blockchain and electronic commercial transactions. By utilizing technologies such as IoT, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence (AI), Industry 4. 0 aims to develop a smart factory that enhances productivity, adaptability and sustainability. By providing safe and open platforms for online transactions, blockchain has the potential to change electronic business transactions. By creating unprofitable records, this technology can overcome problems such as fraud, cyber attacks, data leakage, improve customer introduction and involvement, and enhance the trust and trust of online transactions. There is a possibility.
5.1. Environment and Sustainability
In the context of Industry 4. 0, blockchain technology may enable safe and automated data and information flow between machines and systems. As a result, a more productive and efficient manufacturing process can be realized, and transparent and trackable supply chain management can be enabled. For example, by using blockchain technology, it is possible to create a safe and transparent record for the origin of the product, the standard of the product, and the safety, and increase the safety and reliability of the customer in the manufacturing department. can. The use of blockchain technology and electronic commercial transactions with industrial 4. 0 has the potential to fundamentally change our transaction methods and how to handle data, and realize more effective, safe and environmentally friendly business processes. 。
It took decades for the Internet to evolve into a technical platform that can host and implement commercial applications, mainly used for communication between educational institutions, military institutions and organizations. However, after the launch of the World Wide Web [42], the number of commercial websites increased rapidly [43], and it took only a few years before electronic commercial trading became a global business model [. 44] According to early research, this trend was further amplified by the global COVID-19 epidemic.
5.2. Reputation Systems
From a modern business perspective, the Internet has the ability to strengthen marketing strategies and approaches in various situations, such as marketing research, providing customer service, experience, product distribution, and solving problems. 46] With the essential value of Internet marketing, modern organizations can operate more effectively and efficiently, develop new products and services, and enhance market transparency. E-commerce has expanded very rapidly and has become an important field in the past decade. Online shopping is now one of the most popular activities among customers, and has been influenced by some recent technology development. Blockchain technology is one of them [49]. The blockchain is a type of distributed p i-t o-pier database and is distributed into all nodes in the reliable blockchain network. As the name suggests, the blockchain is a series of blocks. Each block contains certain characteristics to maintain the consistency of the entire blockchain. The blockchain adopts a powerful encryption technology to maintain this integrity [5].
The blockchain has undergone extremely important developments in how the Internet and the digital world have changed trade. In general terms based on Risius and Spohrer (2017, P. 3) [50], this technology is "to encrypt and record a consistent and uncomfortable linear event log related to transactions between networks. It can be described as a "complete distributed system". As clear from the definition above, blockchain is supported not only by clou d-based storage functions and data analysis, but also by a wide range of new digital devices connected to the cloud, and the technology in the era of digitalization. It is resistant to destruction due to progress. [51] The current blockchain use case in digitalization of financial assets has further supported this claim. By using distributed cryptocurrencies, this technology is a reliable way for the ownership and management of the contract, and to create an audit trail that is substantially there is no discussion and distributed. [53] is gradually being shown. A very flexible feature with blockchain programmables, especially settlement and transaction systems enables a wide range of unique financial products. [54]
5.3. Logistics and Supply Chain
E-commerce refers to buying and selling products and services through the Internet. Electronic commercial transactions include the use of e-communication and information processing technology in commercial transactions. Electronic commerce is performed on mobile devices, World Wide Web and the Internet. We b-based electronic business technology enables transactions anytime, anywhere, providing infinite opportunities to connect with others to people who can access the Internet. This feature also provides customers with more options, quick comparisons, online customer experiences, sharing, and comparative abilities. < SPAN> blockchain has developed extremely important developments in how the Internet and the digital world have changed trade. In general terms based on Risius and Spohrer (2017, P. 3) [50], this technology is "to encrypt and record a consistent and uncomfortable linear event log related to transactions between networks. It can be described as a "complete distributed system". As clear from the definition above, blockchain is supported not only by clou d-based storage functions and data analysis, but also by a wide range of new digital devices connected to the cloud, and the technology in the era of digitalization. It is resistant to destruction due to progress. [51] The current blockchain use case in digitalization of financial assets has further supported this claim. By using distributed cryptocurrencies, this technology is a reliable way for the ownership and management of the contract, and to create an audit trail that is substantially there is no discussion and distributed. [53] is gradually being shown. A very flexible feature with blockchain programmables, especially settlement and transaction systems enables a wide range of unique financial products. [54]
E-commerce refers to buying and selling products and services through the Internet. Electronic commercial transactions include the use of e-communication and information processing technology in commercial transactions. Electronic commerce is performed on mobile devices, World Wide Web and the Internet. We b-based electronic business technology enables transactions anytime, anywhere, providing infinite opportunities to connect with others to people who can access the Internet. This feature also provides customers with more options, quick comparisons, online customer experiences, sharing, and comparative abilities. The blockchain has undergone extremely important developments in how the Internet and the digital world have changed trade. In general terms based on Risius and Spohrer (2017, P. 3) [50], this technology is "to encrypt and record a consistent and uncomfortable linear event log related to transactions between networks. It can be described as a "complete distributed system". As clear from the definition above, blockchain is supported not only by clou d-based storage functions and data analysis, but also by a wide range of new digital devices connected to the cloud, and the technology in the era of digitalization. It is resistant to destruction due to progress. [51] The current blockchain use case in digitalization of financial assets has further supported this claim. By using distributed cryptocurrencies, this technology is a reliable way for the ownership and management of the contract, and to create an audit trail that is substantially there is no discussion and distributed. [53] is gradually being shown. A very flexible feature with blockchain programmables, especially settlement and transaction systems enables a wide range of unique financial products. [54]
E-commerce refers to buying and selling products and services through the Internet. Electronic commercial transactions include the use of e-communication and information processing technology in commercial transactions. [56] The electronic commerce is performed on mobile devices, World Wide Web and the Internet. We b-based electronic business technology enables transactions anytime, anywhere, providing infinite opportunities to connect with others to people who can access the Internet. This feature also provides customers with more options, quick comparisons, online interactions, sharing, and comparative abilities.
Since all operations are encrypted and all transactions between monitored parties are recorded, blockchain allows highly secure services to be performed without intermediaries and without buyers providing financial information. High reliability [59]. Individuals can work with a shared database without the need for a trusted central administrator, and participants can log in and out at any time. Using cryptographic hashes, the algorithm identifies a chronological sequence of timestamped inputs by encrypting discrete sets of transactions ("blocks") against each other. A hash reference connects each block to its previous block, creating order and integrity in the blockchain [22]. Blockchain is a collection of technologies that impacts electronic commerce through technical, legal, organizational, quality, and customer challenges. Blockchains can be verified using various consensus protocols [60], offering unprecedented technological opportunities. However, they also require a critical evaluation of current business processes, including sensitive customer data and the architecture of communication channels throughout the supply chain. Blockchains are divided into public and private chains, as well as licensed and unlicensed chains. In unlicensed chains, all nodes can read, send, and write transactions. To develop various evaluation studies, we searched Scopus and Google Scholar with the following keywords: (1) "Blockchain" AND "E-commerce" OR (2) "Blockchain" AND "Electronic commerce" OR (3) "Block-chain" AND "E-commerce" OR (4) "Block-chain" AND "Electronic commerce". By March 2023, the search results had yielded approximately 109 results. Formally, the selection of studies for this book was guided by the use of a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria (Table 2).
5.4. Agriculture
This procedure led to the selection of 23 primary studies provided in this book as the main outcome of the critical review carried out (Figure 2).
5.5. Financial Uses
This critical review has several limitations:
We used limited databases such as Scopus and Google Schoolar. Comprehensive literature reviews may take time, especially if you need to analyze a large number of papers. This leads to restricting the range of reviews and excluding appropriate research. This analysis may not represent all related groups and available evidence, so the generalization of research results may be restricted.
5.6. Challenges and Future Direction
The blockchain improves the safety, simplicity, and speed of e-commerce platform transactions. Under blockchain protection, users can make more secure transactions and store digital assets. To verify standard online transactions, a third party such as a credit card or bank is required. Currently, electronic commerce, banks, energy, and other industries are progressing rapidly, and new technologies are appearing every day. Sometimes conventional electronic commercial transactions are susceptible to leakage of user data. Therefore, it is an urgent issue to enhance the security of the e-commerce platform using blockchain [12]. The blockchain distributed ledger guarantees the perfection and truth of transactions and eliminates the possibility of falsification. Applications using blockchain have many benefits, such as optimizing corporate management, reducing operating expenses, and strengthening synergy effects (Figure 1). These benefits have already been proven in supply chain management and financial services. < SPAN> blockchain is a relatively new technology proposed by Nakamoto as a distributed currency component of bitcoin technology. Various applications in public services, social services, and things in the Internet (IoT) of things, banking fields, evaluation systems, medical systems, finance, etc. have revealed interest in blockchain [8, 9, 10]. The blockchain is a type of distributed diversified database and is more secure than the conventional database. As the world of e-commerce expands rapidly, the need for safe and secure communication methods between customers and sellers is increasing every day. The advantages of the dat a-type society can be evaluated, but it is essential to consider how data is stored, used, and spreads. Users have little influence on how centralized organizations use and operate personal information.The blockchain has several applications in electronic commercial transactions, supporting companies overcoming the disability. Data preservation is safe, making it easier for electronic commercial transactions to be easier. According to a study comparing two paid systems using a blockchain and a payment system that is not used, if the blockchain is not used, the payment method is slow, the cost is high, and the adverse effects of the dispute resolution process are more prominent. [59] In recent years, research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions has been active, and the number of papers to verify the possibility of blockchain in the electronic commercial industry has increased. Figure 3 shows the tendency of papers over the past five years. Such an increase in research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions can increase the importance of electronic commercial transactions as an economic field, and the integration of blockchain to electronic commercial transactions, increasing interest in blockchain technology and its potential applications. It is thought to be due to several factors, such as the need to deal with the difficulties and possibilities. In addition, the emergence of new blockchai n-based platforms and applications in the electronic business industry has sparked considerable interest and research in this field. < SPAN> Limited databases such as Scopus and Google School were used. Comprehensive literature reviews may take time, especially if you need to analyze a large number of papers. This leads to restricting the range of reviews and excluding appropriate research. This analysis may not represent all related groups and available evidence, so the generalization of research results may be restricted.
RQ1: What blockchain applications exist in electronic commercial transactions?
The blockchain has several applications in electronic commercial transactions, supporting companies overcoming the disability. Data preservation is safe, making it easier for electronic commercial transactions to be easier. According to a study comparing two paid systems using a blockchain and a payment system that is not used, if the blockchain is not used, the payment method is slow, the cost is high, and the adverse effects of the dispute resolution process are more prominent. [59] In recent years, research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions has been active, and the number of papers to verify the possibility of blockchain in the electronic commercial industry has increased. Figure 3 shows the tendency of papers over the past five years. Such an increase in research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions can increase the importance of electronic commercial transactions as an economic field, and the integration of blockchain to electronic commercial transactions, increasing interest in blockchain technology and its potential applications. It is thought to be due to several factors, such as the need to deal with the difficulties and possibilities. In addition, the emergence of new blockchai n-based platforms and applications in the electronic business industry has sparked considerable interest and research in this field. We used limited databases such as Scopus and Google Schoolar. Comprehensive literature reviews may take time, especially if you need to analyze a large number of papers. This leads to restricting the range of reviews and excluding appropriate research. This analysis may not represent all related groups and available evidence, so the generalization of research results may be restricted.
6. Conclusions
RQ1: What blockchain applications exist in electronic commercial transactions?
The blockchain has several applications in electronic commercial transactions, supporting companies overcoming the disability. Data preservation is safe, making it easier for electronic commercial transactions to be easier. According to a study comparing two paid systems using a blockchain and a payment system that is not used, if the blockchain is not used, the payment method is slow, the cost is high, and the adverse effects of the dispute resolution process are more prominent. [59] In recent years, research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions has been active, and the number of papers to verify the potential of blockchain in the electronic business industry has increased. Figure 3 shows the tendency of papers over the past five years. Such an increase in research on blockchain and electronic commercial transactions can increase the importance of electronic commercial transactions as an economic field, and the integration of blockchain to electronic commercial transactions, increasing interest in blockchain technology and its potential applications. It is thought to be due to several factors, such as the need to deal with the difficulties and possibilities. In addition, the emergence of new blockchai n-based platforms and applications in the electronic business industry has sparked considerable interest and research in this field.
Author Contributions
In this context, the transparency, reputation management, and financial transactions of the supply chain are only a small part of blockchain technology that can help electronic commercial companies to deal with. Companies can track the supply chain from the beginning to the end, verify the legitimacy of the product, and use a blockchain system to promote sustainability. Furthermore, a reputation system using blockchain technology may increase the accountability and transparency of electronic commercial transactions, foster trust, and reduce fraudulent acts. In addition, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize various other industries. For example, blockchain can be used to monitor crops and quality in agriculture and strengthen food safety and traceability. In the financial industry, blockchai n-based solutions can achieve safe, quick and transparent transactions, promote financial inclusiveness, and reduce transaction costs.
Funding
Overall, the application of blockchain technology in various electronic business platforms and other industries promotes safe and transparent exchange between consumers and companies, and also promotes practices that take into account the environment and social responsibilities at the same time. Can do. < SPAN> In this context, the transparency of the supply chain, reputation management, and financial transactions is only a small problem that blockchain technology can help electronic business companies to deal with. Companies can track the supply chain from the beginning to the end, verify the legitimacy of the product, and use a blockchain system to promote sustainability. Furthermore, a reputation system using blockchain technology may increase the accountability and transparency of electronic commercial transactions, foster trust, and reduce fraudulent acts. In addition, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize various other industries. For example, blockchain can be used to monitor crops and quality in agriculture and strengthen food safety and traceability. In the financial industry, blockchai n-based solutions can achieve safe, quick and transparent transactions, promote financial inclusiveness, and reduce transaction costs.Data Availability Statement
Overall, the application of blockchain technology in various electronic business platforms and other industries promotes safe and transparent exchange between consumers and companies, and also promotes practices that take into account the environment and social responsibilities at the same time. Can do. In this context, the transparency, reputation management, and financial transactions of the supply chain are only a small part of blockchain technology that can help electronic commercial companies to deal with. Companies can track the supply chain from the beginning to the end, verify the legitimacy of the product, and use a blockchain system to promote sustainability. Furthermore, a reputation system using blockchain technology may increase the accountability and transparency of electronic commercial transactions, foster trust, and reduce fraudulent acts. In addition, blockchain has the potential to revolutionize various other industries. For example, blockchain can be used to monitor crops and quality in agriculture and strengthen food safety and traceability. In the financial industry, blockchai n-based solutions can achieve safe, quick and transparent transactions, promote financial inclusiveness, and reduce transaction costs.Conflicts of Interest
Overall, the application of blockchain technology in various electronic business platforms and other industries promotes safe and transparent exchange between consumers and companies, and also promotes practices that take into account the environment and social responsibilities at the same time. Can do.References
- The adoption of a recyclin g-type economy (CE) may help you deal with these urgent concerns in the 21st century. The textile industry is constantly producing a large amount of waste and pollution, and drastically exhausts the water sources of developing countries. Consumers in consideration of the environment are purchasing used clothes, and the fashion industry is inevitably need to review the brand position from the perspective of sustainability. However, the purchased clothes may not be genuine or counterfeit products. If blockchain is appropriately used in the clothing business, it can be a useful tool for monitoring the product and tracking up to the source. JAIN et al. [62] identified and examined the factors that contribute to the adoption of blockchain compatible electronic commercial platforms (beeps) in the sale of used clothing. Using consumer purchasing motivation and the theoretical framework of the UTAUT model, they conducted research on Indian female customers. As a result, the acceptance of beeps in purchasing used clothing is motivated (that is, economic motivation, pleasure motivation, critical motivation) and UTAUT components (specifically, performance expectations and attitudes). It was indicated to be explained. Contamination risk affects links between fashion reasons and intentions, increasing the intention to adopt beep. The blockchain technology promotes the intention of purchasing online used clothes shops, reduces waste, and supports CE. Building a paradigm of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain technology and IoT technology, and the paradigm of the virtual closed droop supply chain (VCLSC) based on sustainability and the concept of CE was the purpose of the research by Prajapati and others [63]. Their research was combined with a unified framework of conventional supply chains and virtual supply chains. The main goal was to increase the cost of VCLSC networks, but to increase the overall predictive income. LINGO 19 Software Package global Solver was used for the purpose of the solution. The results and research results of sensitivity analysis were used to derive certain conclusions that corporate organizations and government officials can use to formulate policies that are useful for the growth of the environment, end users, and corporate growth. The recruitment of the < SPAN> Circulatio n-based economy (CE) may help to deal with these urgent concerns in the 21st century. The textile industry is constantly producing a large amount of waste and pollution, and drastically exhausts the water sources of developing countries. Consumers in consideration of the environment are purchasing used clothes, and the fashion industry is inevitably need to review the brand position from the perspective of sustainability. However, the purchased clothes may not be genuine or counterfeit products. If blockchain is appropriately used in the clothing business, it can be a useful tool for monitoring the product and tracking up to the source. JAIN et al. [62] identified and examined the factors that contribute to the adoption of blockchain compatible electronic commercial platforms (beeps) in the sale of used clothing. Using consumer purchasing motivation and the theoretical framework of the UTAUT model, they conducted research on Indian female customers. As a result, the acceptance of beeps in purchasing used clothing is motivated (that is, economic motivation, pleasure motivation, critical motivation) and UTAUT components (specifically, performance expectations and attitudes). It was indicated to be explained. Contamination risk affects links between fashion reasons and intentions, increasing the intention to adopt beep. The blockchain technology promotes the intention of purchasing online used clothes shops, reduces waste, and supports CE. Building a paradigm of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain technology and IoT technology, and the paradigm of the virtual closed droop supply chain (VCLSC) based on sustainability and the concept of CE was the purpose of the research by Prajapati and others [63]. Their research was combined with a unified framework of conventional supply chains and virtual supply chains. The main goal was to increase the cost of VCLSC networks, but to increase the overall predictive income. LINGO 19 Software Package global Solver was used for the purpose of the solution. The results and research results of sensitivity analysis were used to derive certain conclusions that corporate organizations and government officials can use to formulate policies that are useful for the growth of the environment, end users, and corporate growth. The adoption of a recyclin g-type economy (CE) may help you deal with these urgent concerns in the 21st century. The textile industry is constantly producing a large amount of waste and pollution, and drastically exhausts the water sources of developing countries. Consumers in consideration of the environment are purchasing used clothes, and the fashion industry is inevitably need to review the brand position from the perspective of sustainability. However, the purchased clothes may not be genuine or counterfeit products. If blockchain is appropriately used in the clothing business, it can be a useful tool for monitoring the product and tracking up to the source. JAIN et al. [62] identified and examined the factors that contribute to the adoption of blockchain compatible electronic commercial platforms (beeps) in the sale of used clothing. Using consumer purchasing motivation and the theoretical framework of the UTAUT model, they conducted research on Indian female customers. As a result, the acceptance of beep in the purchase of used clothing items is purchasing (that is, economic motivation, pleasure motivation, critical motivation) and UTAUT components (specifically, performance expectations, attitudes). It was indicated to be explained. Contamination risk affects links between fashion reasons and intentions, increasing the intention to adopt beep. The blockchain technology promotes the intention of purchasing online used clothes shops, reduces waste, and supports CE. Building a paradigm of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain technology and IoT technology, and the paradigm of the virtual closed droop supply chain (VCLSC) based on sustainability and the concept of CE was the purpose of the research by Prajapati and others [63]. Their research was combined with a unified framework of conventional supply chains and virtual supply chains. The main goal was to increase the cost of VCLSC networks, but to increase the overall predictive income. LINGO 19 Software Package global Solver was used for the purpose of the solution. The results and research results of sensitivity analysis were used to derive certain conclusions that corporate organizations and government officials can use to formulate policies that are useful for the growth of the environment, end users, and corporate growth.
- To ensure the sustainability of technology and e-commerce, Kumar et al. [64] considered a distributed, transparent ledger system for various e-commerce items, including food, electronics, security appliances, and medicines. The system, called “PRODCHAIN”, combines a common blockchain infrastructure with lattice-based cryptography to reduce the complexity of tracking e-commerce items. In addition, they developed a reputation-based consensus method, called proof of achievement. The results are addressed in terms of throughput and latency, demonstrating the effectiveness of PRODCHAIN for e-commerce goods and services. The proposed method helps to improve product traceability while maintaining social and economic sustainability.
- In order to preserve the evaluation of the credit score, the currently used distributed electronic business system depends on the reputation system over fair risk evaluation. System development is impossible for malicious nodes or without sanctions. Xiao's research [65] proposed a blockchai n-based distributed electronic business system as a solution to this problem. To improve the service, the product data of the system is stored in the interplanetary file system, and the returned product address is stored in the blockchain. In this paper, in addition to the reputation evaluation model based on the mult i-base sem i-intentional decision that allows you to dodge unfair evaluation and rigging attacks, you propose an incentive mechanism based on a reputation value, punish or reward nodes. So, I improved the smooth operation of the system. The experimental results show that the system appropriately expresses the user's evaluation value, has low communication costs, is highly avoided and reliable. Research by Jiang and Chen [66] surveys the impact of blockchain on all related entities, focusing on how the electronic business platform using blockchain can solve the problem of product counterfeit. 。 They analyzed them limited to scenarios that consumers and retailers cannot distinguish genuine and fake. Many merchants and consumers choose to buy and use, because consumers may not want to pay or not pay for expensive real products. < SPAN> The currently used distributed electronic commercial transaction system depends on the reputation system to preserve the evaluation of the credit score. System development is impossible for malicious nodes or without sanctions. Xiao's research [65] proposed a blockchai n-based distributed electronic business system as a solution to this problem. To improve the service, the product data of the system is stored in the interplanetary file system, and the returned product address is stored in the blockchain. In this paper, in addition to the reputation evaluation model based on the mult i-base sem i-intentional decision that allows you to dodge unfair evaluation and rigging attacks, you propose an incentive mechanism based on a reputation value, punish or reward nodes. So, I improved the smooth operation of the system. The experimental results show that the system appropriately expresses the user's evaluation value, has low communication costs, is highly avoided and reliable. Research by Jiang and Chen [66] surveys the impact of blockchain on all related entities, focusing on how the electronic business platform using blockchain can solve the problem of product counterfeit. 。 They analyzed them limited to scenarios that consumers and retailers cannot distinguish genuine and fake. Many merchants and consumers choose to buy and use, because consumers may not want to pay or not pay for expensive real products. In order to preserve the evaluation of the credit score, the currently used distributed electronic business system depends on the reputation system over fair risk evaluation. System development is impossible for malicious nodes or without sanctions. Xiao's research [65] proposed a blockchai n-based distributed electronic business system as a solution to this problem. To improve the service, the product data of the system is stored in the interplanetary file system, and the returned product address is stored in the blockchain. In this paper, in addition to the reputation evaluation model based on the mult i-base sem i-intentional decision that allows you to dodge unfair evaluation and rigging attacks, you propose an incentive mechanism based on a reputation value, punish or reward nodes. So, I improved the smooth operation of the system. The experimental results show that the system appropriately expresses the user's evaluation value, has low communication costs, is highly avoided and reliable. Research by Jiang and Chen [66] surveys the impact of blockchain on all related entities, focusing on how the electronic business platform using blockchain can solve the problem of product counterfeit. 。 They analyzed them limited to scenarios that consumers and retailers cannot distinguish genuine and fake. Many merchants and consumers choose to buy and use, because consumers may not want to pay or not pay for expensive real products.
- To generate distributed consensus and trading incentives, Sun et al. [67] created a reputation system called RTChain, which is included in the blockchain for e-commerce. The consensus behavior of nodes and the trading behavior of users are influenced by the incentive mechanism, which affects the reputation scores of both nodes and users. A user's reputation affects the likelihood of being selected as a trading partner, similar to real-world electronic transactions. Since it is difficult to execute a transaction, people with poor reputations are gradually removed from the system. Unlike Proof-of-Work, which consumes a large amount of computing power, RTChain guarantees the fairness of all players and employs a verified random function to select the leader of each round. Then, to minimize the number of nodes participating in the consensus and increase the consensus efficiency, their consensus method selects nodes with high reputation scores so that the throughput of RTChain exceeds 4000 TPS. To realize the distributed storage and management of reputations, they built a reputation chain. Finally, their consensus process allows participating nodes to fail as long as the reputation of the failed node does not exceed one-third of the total reputation. These attacks include eclipse attacks, selfish mining attacks, flash attacks, and double-spend attacks. Li et al. [68]'s system, called RepChain, enables cross-platform reputation.
- In addition, each platform component must be conceived, built, and implemented within an implementation plan to specifically address the requirements of a typical logistics finance scenario. (2) Studies may be conducted to determine the many parameters used to establish the evaluation and risk guidelines for a complete credit rating model. (3) A cost analysis can be conducted to evaluate the investment required to set up and maintain Log-Flock [69]. To promote the use of LC's digital assets for logistics financing, Rachana Harish et al. [69]'s research provided a logistics financing platform (Log-Flock) that utilizes blockchain, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and IoT. The basic elements of blockchain technology such as tokens and smart contracts are used to implement an incentive reward mechanism to motivate user engagement and perform evaluation and risk assessment of digital assets in logistics financing. CPS and IoT are combined to assist in the generation of digital assets. With this innovative platform, the financing process can be significantly shortened. This represents the operational capability of LC in the form of credit rating and is clear to lending institutions.
- WAN et al. [70] built and focused on the standard electronic business supply chain, blockchain and online consumer review (BOCR) technology using Staskelberg Game theory from the viewpoint of value c o-creation. We dealt with optimal selection and profits using the type of intentional decision and distributed decisio n-making. If producers prioritize consumer value, the distributed decision makes the optimal selling price and service level decreased, and the optimal profits of producers will rise, but the optimal interests of the e-commerce platform will rise initially, and then later. Lower. In the centralized decisio n-making, the overall optimal profits and optimal service levels increase, and the optimal selling price decreases. In the conventional electronic commercial supplies chain, the optimal selection and profits increase at first as the false labeling in product evaluation increases, and then decreases. In the BOCR technology electronic commercial trading chain, members can optimize and improve their profits by extracting more useful information. Jiang and CHEN [66] emphasized the benefits of the electronic commerce system supported by blockchain, using corporate profi t-led analysis methods based on the Staskelberg equilibrium theory. In order to evaluate the true value of the blockchain, they analyzed the profitability of all actors in different supply chains, two different supply chains, compatible with conventional and blockchain. As a result, it was shown that customers, retailers, and manufacturers did not necessarily gain. < SPAN> WAN et al. [70] builds an electronic business supply chain for standard electronic business supply chains, blockchain and online consumer review (BOCR) technology using staskelberg game theory from the viewpoint of value c o-creation. He handled the optimal choice and profits using a centralized decision and distributed decision. If producers prioritize consumer value, the distributed decision makes the optimal selling price and service level decreased, and the optimal profits of producers will rise, but the optimal interests of the e-commerce platform will rise initially, and then later. Lower. In the centralized decisio n-making, the overall optimal profits and optimal service levels increase, and the optimal selling price decreases. In the conventional electronic commercial supplies chain, the optimal selection and profits increase at first as the false labeling in product evaluation increases, and then decreases. In the BOCR technology electronic commercial trading chain, members can optimize and improve their profits by extracting more useful information. Jiang and CHEN [66] emphasized the benefits of the electronic commerce system supported by blockchain, using corporate profi t-led analysis methods based on the Staskelberg equilibrium theory. In order to evaluate the true value of the blockchain, they analyzed the profitability of all actors in different supply chains, two different supply chains, compatible with conventional and blockchain. As a result, it was shown that customers, retailers, and manufacturers did not necessarily gain. WAN et al. [70] built and focused on the standard electronic business supply chain, blockchain and online consumer review (BOCR) technology using Staskelberg Game theory from the viewpoint of value c o-creation. We dealt with optimal selection and profits using the type of intentional decision and distributed decisio n-making. If producers prioritize consumer value, the distributed decision makes the optimal selling price and service level decreased, and the optimal profits of producers will rise, but the optimal interests of the e-commerce platform will rise initially, and then later. Lower. In the centralized decisio n-making, the overall optimal profits and optimal service levels increase, and the optimal selling price decreases. In the conventional electronic commercial supplies chain, the optimal selection and profits increase at first as the false labeling in product evaluation increases, and then decreases. In the BOCR technology electronic commercial trading chain, members can optimize and improve their profits by extracting more useful information. Jiang and CHEN [66] emphasized the benefits of the electronic commerce system supported by blockchain, using corporate profi t-led analysis methods based on the Staskelberg equilibrium theory. In order to evaluate the true value of the blockchain, they analyzed the profitability of all actors in different supply chains, two different supply chains, compatible with conventional and blockchain. As a result, it was shown that customers, retailers, and manufacturers did not necessarily gain.
- In order to centrally dispersion of many clients with many clients, Li and others have published a blockchain-compatible workflow operating system (BC-WFOS). In order for BC-WFOS to be powerful, three essential breakthrough technology is required. The first is a gateway technology, which was developed to enable a variety of logistics resources UPNP (Universal Plug and Play) control. Second, in order to adjust logistics resources efficiently and effectively, a workflow operation mechanism for various business logic and a multidimensional workflow model are proposed. In addition, by combining blockchain and agent technology, resources that ensure data reliability and provide accurate fron t-line resource execution data so that various clients can make higher levels of decisions. A blockchain was created. LIU and GUO [72] have established the need to identify the obstacles to improving the performance of the e-commerce supply chain of fresh foods, distribute safety, quality, profits, integrate resources, and use logistics traceability standards. This paper is also studying aspects of blockchain, such as intelligent contracts, information exchange, traceability, and performance improvement requirements. The benefits of the e-commerce trading supply chain of fresh foods were investigated and compared before and after the introduction of the blockchain data system using the staskel burg game model between the electronic commerce platform and the supplier. As a result of the survey, the following were shown. < SPAN> Li and others have published a blockchain-friendly workflow operating system (BC-WFOS) to centralize different types of logistics resources with many clients. In order for BC-WFOS to be powerful, three essential breakthrough technology is required. The first is a gateway technology, which was developed to enable a variety of logistics resources UPNP (Universal Plug and Play) control. Second, in order to adjust logistics resources efficiently and effectively, a workflow operation mechanism for various business logic and a multidimensional workflow model are proposed. In addition, by combining blockchain and agent technology, resources that ensure data reliability and provide accurate fron t-line resource execution data so that various clients can make higher levels of decisions. A blockchain was created. LIU and GUO [72] have established the need to identify the obstacles to improving the performance of the e-commerce supply chain of fresh foods, distribute safety, quality, profits, integrate resources, and use logistics traceability standards. This paper is also studying aspects of blockchain, such as intelligent contracts, information exchange, traceability, and performance improvement requirements. The benefits of the e-commerce trading supply chain of fresh foods were investigated and compared before and after the introduction of the blockchain data system using the staskel burg game model between the electronic commerce platform and the supplier. As a result of the survey, the following were shown. In order to centrally dispersion of many clients with many clients, Li and others have published a blockchain-compatible workflow operating system (BC-WFOS). In order for BC-WFOS to be powerful, three essential breakthrough technology is required. The first is a gateway technology, which was developed to enable a variety of logistics resources UPNP (Universal Plug and Play) control. Second, in order to adjust logistics resources efficiently and effectively, a workflow operation mechanism for various business logic and a multidimensional workflow model are proposed. In addition, by combining blockchain and agent technology, resources that ensure data reliability and provide accurate fron t-line resource execution data so that various clients can make higher levels of decisions. A blockchain was created. LIU and GUO [72] have established the need to identify the obstacles to improving the performance of the e-commerce supply chain of fresh foods, distribute safety, quality, profits, integrate resources, and use logistics traceability standards. This paper is also studying aspects of blockchain, such as intelligent contracts, information exchange, traceability, and performance improvement requirements. The benefits of the e-commerce trading supply chain of fresh foods were investigated and compared before and after the introduction of the blockchain data system using the staskel burg game model between the electronic commerce platform and the supplier. As a result of the survey, the following were shown.
- The impact of e-commerce platforms was experimentally verified in a paper by Ma et al. [73], where an econometric model was built with information flows, logistics and capital flows that make up the complex structure of the e-commerce chain connecting suppliers, producers, distributors and consumers in this sector. Supply chain management, which is the main driver of an organization's market share, can be modified at scale using blockchain. The study showed that the negative and positive effects of marketing, research and development, staff training input costs, long-term investments and taxes on market power vary significantly across industries. State-owned assets, inventory and subsidies all have a negative impact on the market power of companies in all sectors. Finally, the competitive strategies of companies using e-commerce platforms are summarized. The impact of e-commerce platforms was experimentally verified in a paper by Ma et al. [73], where an econometric model was built with information flows, logistics and capital flows that make up the complex structure of the e-commerce chain connecting suppliers, producers, distributors and consumers in this sector. Supply chain management, which is the main driver of an organization's market share, can be modified on a large scale using blockchain. The results of the study show that the negative and positive effects of marketing, research and development, staff training input costs, long-term investments and taxes on market power vary significantly across industries. State-owned assets, inventory and subsidies all have a negative impact on a company's market power in all sectors. Finally, the competitive strategies of companies using e-commerce platforms are summarized. The impact of e-commerce platforms was experimentally verified in a paper by Ma et al. [73], where an econometric model was constructed with information flows, logistics and capital flows that constitute the complex structure of e-commerce chains connecting suppliers, producers, distributors and consumers in the sector. Supply chain management, which is the main driver of an organization's market share, can be modified on a large scale using blockchain. The results of the study show that the negative and positive effects of marketing, research and development, staff training input costs, long-term investments and taxes on market power vary significantly across industries. State-owned assets, inventory and subsidies all have a negative impact on a company's market power in all sectors. Finally, we summarize the competitive strategies of companies using e-commerce platforms.
- With the advancement of Internet technology and the use of mobile Internet technology in daily life, life style and production technology have changed, causing enormous economic interests to society. Lee and Yellow Paper [74] analyzes the growth and changes in agricultural and electronic business in agricultural industrial chains, from suppliers to management, manufacturing, services, security, and sales We studied repeated upgrades of production experience frameworks to expand the integration of. An agricultural tracking system using blockchain was also proposed. Their system has an effective monitoring function. Data cannot be changed after being added to the blockchain ledger, which is useful for agricultural electronic commerce and traceability. The actual example demonstrated that the integrated approach to agricultural electronic commercial transactions based on blockchain increases the security and traceability of agricultural electronic commercial transactions, as well as providing a great deal of expansion to the electronic business department. Research by CHAO [75] proposed a mult i-chain agricultural product trading data blockchain that combines user information chains, agricultural information chains, and agricultural trade information chains using the concept of coalition chain design. The agricultural information chain protects information traceability and integrity. < SPAN> The advances of Internet technology, especially the use of mobile Internet technology in everyday life, have changed their lifestyle and production technology, causing enormous economic interests to society. Lee and Yellow Paper [74] analyzes the growth and changes in agricultural and electronic business in agricultural industrial chains, from suppliers to management, manufacturing, services, security, and sales We studied repeated upgrades of production experience frameworks to expand the integration of. An agricultural tracking system using blockchain was also proposed. Their system has an effective monitoring function. Data cannot be changed after being added to the blockchain ledger, which is useful for agricultural electronic commerce and traceability. The actual example demonstrated that the integrated approach to agricultural electronic commercial transactions based on blockchain increases the security and traceability of agricultural electronic commercial transactions, as well as providing a great deal of expansion to the electronic business department. Research by CHAO [75] proposed a mult i-chain agricultural product trading data blockchain that combines user information chains, agricultural information chains, and agricultural trade information chains using the concept of coalition chain design. The agricultural information chain protects information traceability and integrity. With the advancement of Internet technology and the use of mobile Internet technology in daily life, life style and production technology have changed, causing enormous economic interests to society. Lee and Yellow Paper [74] analyzes the growth and changes in agricultural and electronic business in agricultural industrial chains, from suppliers to management, manufacturing, services, security, and sales We studied repeated upgrades of production experience frameworks to expand the integration of. An agricultural tracking system using blockchain was also proposed. Their system has an effective monitoring function. Data cannot be changed after being added to the blockchain ledger, which is useful for agricultural electronic commerce and traceability. The actual example demonstrated that the integrated approach to agricultural electronic commercial transactions based on blockchain increases the security and traceability of agricultural electronic commercial transactions, as well as providing a great deal of expansion to the electronic business department. Research by CHAO [75] proposed a mult i-chain agricultural product trading data blockchain that combines user information chains, agricultural information chains, and agricultural trade information chains using the concept of coalition chain design. The agricultural information chain protects information traceability and integrity.
- To eliminate intermediaries such as Payment Gateway (PG) and public key certificates, Kim and Kim papers [76] are basic cryptocurrencies such as digital signatures, private keys, and public keys. We proposed an eas y-t o-understand settlement model using functions. By eliminating the cost of intermediate services such as PG and guaranteeing the denial of electronic payment, the implementation of the electronic signature reduces the total cost of the operation of the electronic business service. Their concepts are important in that they increase competitiveness to use electronic commercial transactions and to support the development of electronic commercial payments. JIANG and CHEN [77] has established a concept model realized by blockchain for a small and mediu m-sized business e-commerce system. They have developed a complete business architecture based on this concept model. Finally, he proposed three major applications (trading, transactions, corporate finance), to show how the platform could help small and mediu m-sized enterprises to overcome funding and trade difficulties. The report provided important proposals for the management of these businesses and the management of the electronic business platform supported by blockchain. < SPAN> To eliminate intermediaries in transactions such as Payment Gateway (PG) and public key certificates, KIM and Kim papers [76] are digital signatures, private keys, and cryptocurrencies such as public keys. We proposed an eas y-t o-understand settlement model using basic functions. By eliminating the cost of intermediate services such as PG and guaranteeing the denial of electronic payment, the implementation of the electronic signature reduces the total cost of the operation of the electronic business service. Their concepts are important in that they increase competitiveness to use electronic commercial transactions and to support the development of electronic commercial payments. JIANG and CHEN [77] has established a concept model realized by blockchain for a small and mediu m-sized business e-commerce system. They have developed a complete business architecture based on this concept model. Finally, he proposed three major applications (trading, transactions, corporate finance), to show how the platform could help small and mediu m-sized enterprises to overcome funding and trade difficulties. The report provided important proposals for the management of these businesses and the management of the electronic business platform supported by blockchain. To eliminate intermediaries such as Payment Gateway (PG) and public key certificates, Kim and Kim papers [76] are basic cryptocurrencies such as digital signatures, private keys, and public keys. We proposed an eas y-t o-understand settlement model using functions. By eliminating the cost of intermediate services such as PG and guaranteeing the denial of electronic payment, the implementation of the electronic signature reduces the total cost of the operation of the electronic business service. Their concepts are important in that they increase competitiveness to use electronic commercial transactions and to support the development of electronic commercial payments. JIANG and CHEN [77] has established a concept model realized by blockchain for a small and mediu m-sized business e-commerce system. They have developed a complete business architecture based on this concept model. Finally, he proposed three major applications (transaction tracking, transactions, corporate finance), to show how the platform could help small and mediu m-sized enterprises to overcome funding and trade difficulties. The report provided important proposals on the management of these businesses and the management of the electronic business platform supported by blockchain.
- For IoT-based e-commerce, Liu et al. [78] proposed NormaChain, a blockchain-based normalized autonomous transaction settlement solution. It can significantly improve transaction efficiency and system scalability by building a unique three-layer sharded blockchain network. They also developed a state-of-the-art distributed public key searchable encryption system (distributed public key encryption with keyword search method) to identify fraudulent and criminal transactions and realize criminal traceability. They showed how NormaChain protects banks, administrators, and malicious adversaries from violating the privacy of genuine users by demonstrating that NormaChain is secure against chosen ciphertext attacks and private key theft. Finally, they provided a complete concept and implementation of the NormaChain system. Experiments showed that there were about 113 transactions per second on IoT devices, and the supervision accuracy was 100% when the appropriate target illegal phrase was specified. The blockchain-based tokenomics method reported in the study by Zhao et al. [79] includes e-commerce systems and applications. This decentralized approach avoids monopolistic tendencies, eliminates third-party maintenance and transaction costs, and allows consumers and merchants to transact with each other, improving productivity.
- RQ2: What challenges does blockchain bring to e-commerce?
- The future supply chain trading system will be built using an alliances chain between the lower chains and the main chain, considering that a single blockchain has poor storage efficiency and a small storage capacity. Product traceability is improved, and transaction data between suppliers and sellers may be saved in the dependent chain. [65] The information security should focus on the direction of the smart contract because the contract on the chain is impossible to fix, it is extremely difficult to fix, and the contracted hole is a serious problem. In addition, it is necessary to study various concerns in more detail. For example, by including customer trust and acceptance of online channels in the evaluation variables, more detailed analysis is possible. The public distributed trading ledger system of the blockchain system may reveal personal identity information, and in that case, hostile users can identify system users by combining such information. Will be. If the system needs to process multiple payment transactions, the architecture design of the mult i-threaded system is also required. Several issues have been unresolved, despite the fact that blockchain and electronic commerce platforms can help small and mediu m-sized enterprises in financial and trade concerns. For example, it is difficult to guarantee the validity of the data before recording in the blockchain, indicating that all nodes are exposed to Sue's risk. < SPAN> Future supply chain trading systems are built using an alliances chain between the lower chains and the main chain, considering that a single blockchain has poor storage efficiency and a small storage capacity. Product traceability is improved, and transaction data between suppliers and sellers may be saved in the dependent chain. [65] The information security should focus on the direction of the smart contract because the contract on the chain is impossible to fix, it is extremely difficult to fix, and the contracted hole is a serious problem. In addition, it is necessary to study various concerns in more detail. For example, by including customer trust and acceptance of online channels in the evaluation variables, more detailed analysis is possible. The public distributed trading ledger system of the blockchain system may reveal personal identity information, and in that case, hostile users can identify system users by combining such information. Will be. If the system needs to process multiple payment transactions, the architecture design of the mult i-threaded system is also required. Several issues have been unresolved, despite the fact that blockchain and electronic commerce platforms can help small and mediu m-sized enterprises in financial and trade concerns. For example, it is difficult to guarantee the validity of the data before recording in the blockchain, indicating that all nodes are exposed to Sue's risk. The future supply chain trading system will be built using an alliances chain between the lower chains and the main chain, considering that a single blockchain has poor storage efficiency and a small storage capacity. Product traceability is improved, and transaction data between suppliers and sellers may be saved in the dependent chain. [65] The information security should focus on the direction of the smart contract because the contract on the chain is impossible to fix, it is extremely difficult to fix, and the contracted hole is a serious problem. In addition, it is necessary to study various concerns in more detail. For example, by including customer trust and acceptance of online channels in the evaluation variables, more detailed analysis is possible. The public distributed trading ledger system of the blockchain system may reveal personal identity information, and in that case, hostile users can identify system users by combining such information. Will be. If the system needs to process multiple payment transactions, the architecture design of the mult i-threaded system is also required. Several issues have been unresolved, despite the fact that blockchain and electronic commerce platforms can help small and mediu m-sized enterprises in financial and trade concerns. For example, it is difficult to guarantee the validity of the data before recording in the blockchain, indicating that all nodes are exposed to the risk of Sue.
- Three areas are planned to be expanded in the future. One of the most important is that more workflow operation optimization rules and methodologies should be added to the mechanism library as a supplement to the already existing dispatch rules for real optimization problems in e-commerce logistics real estate services. These rules may also be used as a kind of knowledge shared among customers for related difficult scenarios. The possibility of enhancing blockchain services is also an area that may be further studied. Each node participating in the blockchain has a complete ledger of all resource transaction data, and information may leak between customers. As a result, a hybrid blockchain is created that combines the advantages of both private and public blockchains, and may provide an optimal authority mechanism for participating nodes to audit data access. The third aspect of the scheme commercialization will be the focus of many system improvement projects. Currently, many necessary supported system features are not found in mature commercial products, such as remote deployment tools for blockchain services, security tools, robust user management modules, and other prototype systems for testing proposed innovations. Therefore, a lot of development work is required before the system can be commercialized [71]. The paper by Sun et al. [67] gives an example of how to use a reward system to encourage acceptable user behavior. However, this is
- The main drawbacks of Prajapati et al is the use of the simul a-reaser dataset to verify the proposed model and providing only theoretical analysis and results. In addition, the proposed models were able to test using real world datasets. In addition, this included only the cost of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain and IoT technology. The device adopted in this study is used to calculate the total cost of device operation, purchasing and recovering wireless frequency identification tags, recording data, processing, and transferring to other devices and main clouds. It is. Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate the concept of solutio n-based Io T-based and blockchain technology using this extended one. Currently proposed models may be improved by including more restrictions, eliminating specific constraints, or adding cos t-related variables to goal functions. This model can be further evaluated by using machine learning, artificial intelligence, and a specific metahuristics approach with the goal of comparative solutions. The model proposed by Jain et al. [62] surveys the relevance of various behavioral intentions and motivation. In the future, in order to understand the actual behavior and determine whether these motivations are related to the reliability of consumers to the second retailer, they are probably different models with different models. You will be able to test. < SPAN> The use of a simulation data set to verify the proposed model and providing only theoretical analysis and results was the main drawback of research by Prajapati and others [63]. In addition, the proposed models were able to test using real world datasets. In addition, this included only the cost of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain and IoT technology. The device adopted in this study is used to calculate the total cost of device operation, purchasing and recovering wireless frequency identification tags, recording data, processing, and transferring to other devices and main clouds. It is. Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate the concept of solutio n-based Io T-based and blockchain technology using this extended one. Currently proposed models may be improved by including more restrictions, eliminating specific constraints, or adding cos t-related variables to goal functions. This model can be further evaluated by using machine learning, artificial intelligence, and a specific metahuristics approach with the goal of comparative solutions. The model proposed by Jain et al. [62] surveys the relevance of various behavioral intentions and motivation. In the future, in order to understand the actual behavior and determine whether these motivations are related to the reliability of consumers to the second retailer, they are probably different models with different models. You will be able to test. The main drawbacks of Prajapati et al is the use of the simul a-reaser dataset to verify the proposed model and providing only theoretical analysis and results. In addition, the proposed models were able to test using real world datasets. In addition, this included only the cost of the stat e-o f-th e-art blockchain and IoT technology. The device adopted in this study is used to calculate the total cost of device operation, purchasing and recovering wireless frequency identification tags, recording data, processing, and transferring to other devices and main clouds. It is. Furthermore, it is possible to incorporate the concept of solutio n-based Io T-based and blockchain technology using this extended one. Currently proposed models may be improved by including more restrictions, eliminating specific constraints, or adding cos t-related variables to goal functions. This model can be further evaluated by using machine learning, artificial intelligence, and a specific metahuristics approach with the goal of comparative solutions. The model proposed by Jain et al. [62] surveys the relevance of various behavioral intentions and motivation. In the future, in order to understand the actual behavior and determine whether these motivations are related to the reliability of consumers to the second retailer, they are probably different models with different models. You will be able to test.
- The e-commerce platform enables companies of all sizes to sell products and advertise brands to more people. The e-commerce field is constantly developing as new technologies and methods for purchasing and selling items and services are developed. Blockchain can change the electronic business business by making transactions more safely and efficient. The blockchain can be used to build a distributed network that people can safely store and share digital assets. As a result, buyers can access the details of the product, such as the origin of the product and the source, and the risk of fraud is reduced. According to the available data, there is no critical evaluation of blockchain and electronic commercial transactions that focus on applying and issues. It seems that there is a lack of critical reviews on the current situation of this issue and how it will continue to develop in the future due to the importance of blockchain applications in electronic commercial transactions. Therefore, in this literature review, we investigated research on electronic commercial transactions utilizing blockchain from 2017 to 2022 in focus on applicable possibilities and issues.
- When it comes to electronic commerce, blockchain technology has a few purposes and helps companies succeed despite the difficulties. Applications built using blockchain have several advantages, such as improving synergies, rationalization of business processes, and reducing operational costs. The supply chain management and the banking department are two areas where these advantages have become clearer. Industrial applications in blockchain in electronic commercial transactions spans several fields, such as the environment, sustainability, reputation management, logistics, agriculture, and finance. However, further investigations are required for other specific issues. Therefore, in future research, it is necessary to focus on the development of a model that evaluates the actual effect of the blockchain.
- Conceptualization, H. T., methodology, h. T., h. T., formal analysis, formal analysis, H. T. and M. M., resources, H. T., M. M., M. M., Data Calidation, H. T. H. T. and M. M., supervised, and all H. T. all read the publication of Honhara and agree.
- This study has not received external funding.
- Data sharing is not applicable.
- The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.
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The adoption of blockchain technology has attracted the interest of many business leaders, but at the same time, concerns about blockchain's problems and dangers have also arisen. Public knowledge about the technology is expanding rapidly, along with the benefits it brings to some early adopter companies. It also describes the various obstacles users face when using blockchain and how to overcome them.
4. Limited interoperability due to Lack of Standardizing
May 11, 2022
In the tech field, blockchain is still the most popular buzzword. All of these buzzwords are caused by the ability to function in a distributed environment with tampering prevention equipment.
Optimized Combination of E-Commerce Platform Sales Model and Blockchain Anti-Counterfeiting Traceability Service Strategy. IEEE Access 2021 , 9 , 138082-138105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef].
There are several issues that occur when using a blockchain and feel both users and developers. What are they? And how do you manage it?
Lack of trust between blockchain providers is the biggest issue for recruitment. There are two aspects of this issue: Organizations may not trust the security of technology, or may not trust other blockchain networks.
5. Compatibility with Legacy Systems
All blockchain trading is thought to be safe, private, and verified. This is true, despite the fact that there is no central authority to verify and confirm transactions because the network is distributed. The consensus algorithm that promotes universal agreements on the current state of the distributed ledger of the entire network is an important element of all blockchain networks. The consensus algorithm is the only true version that all nodes in the blockchain agree. Business leaders have noticed that private blockchain, whose providers are unknown, are more reliable.
How to solve this?
A platform like Tradelens (Marsque and IBM, a global logistics network built by IBM blockchain platform), answers to common difficulties in collaboration with colleagues and competitors to build trust among users. We demonstrate what will happen if you ask.
Optimized Combination of E-Commerce Platform Sales Model and Blockchain Anti-Counterfeiting Traceability Service Strategy. IEEE Access 2021 , 9 , 138082-138105. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef].
One of the important technical tasks of blockchain is the technical expandability of the network, which may not be more interest to public blockchain. The ability to handle several thousand transactions per second is a feature of the legacy trading network. For example, VISA can handle more than 2, 000 transactions per second. Regarding the transaction speed, the most popular blockchain network, bitcoin and Ethereum are delayed. Bitcoin networks can only run 3 to 7 transactions per second, whereas Ethereum can handle up to 20 transactions per second.
Conclusion
Network nodes are intentionally designed to process transactions in a trusted party environment, so this scalability is not bothered by private blockchain networks.
How to solve this?
In the near future, attractive solutions for scalability issues will appear. For example, Lightning Network adds a second layer to the main blockchain network to enable faster transactions. Sharting is another attractive option that divides the subset of the node into a smaller network orchard, and each orchard is responsible for its own transaction set. Using the proof of stake consensus process may scaling up the application.
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