SNP manifesto 2024 John Swinney s election policies at a glance

SNP manifesto 2024: John Swinney’s election policies at a glance

Swinny served as a SNP leader from 2000 to 2004, but was dismissed with two election results and was dismissed. He is now a veteran politician, but not as popular as Star John.

In the election campaign, the future of oil and gas in the North Sea was a major issue in Scotland, and SNP's influential people struggled without a clear answer on new excavations.

Swiny himself was also under pressure on SNP response to decentralized policy, such as education and health.

Although they are operated by Holly Rudes, there are evidence that many of the Scottish voters are increasingly disillusioned in schools and medical services.

Here, let's take a look at what SNP has promised with 32 pages.

Independence
Taxes and expenditures
Medical and social care
welfare
Defense and diplomacy
european union
Immigration issue
Energy and environment

Independence

"In Scotland," Realization of Independence
Start negotiations with the British government
New authority to Holly Rudo
Supporting the abolition of the aristocracy

As promised, independence is written on the manifesto's "One Page 1": "Vote on SNP to become an independent country.

However, while SNP claims to "realize independence," this manifest is hardly described in how it can actually realize independence.

In the SNP manifest, if the SNP gains a majority of Scotland, the Edinburah's decentralization government will "the authority to immediately start negotiating with the British government to provide a democratic effect on becoming an independent country. Is given. "

Swinny states that the desirable path to independence is a referendum, but the call for this will definitely be rejected by the British government.

Interestingly, the manifeste emphasizes the mandating to independence in the previous Holly Rudo election, which is claimed by SNP, and that "it is more important that the mandate won in 2021 is more important than ever." I mentioned. Swinny served as a SNP leader from 2000 to 2004, but was unable to say that he was dismissed with two election results. He is now a veteran politician, but not as popular as Star John.

In the election campaign, the future of oil and gas in the North Sea was a major issue in Scotland, and SNP's influential people struggled without a clear answer on new excavations.

Tax and spending

Swiny himself was also under pressure on SNP response to decentralized policy, such as education and health.
Although they are operated by Holly Rudes, there are evidence that many of the Scottish voters are increasingly disillusioned in schools and medical services.
Here, let's take a look at what SNP has promised with 32 pages.

Independence

Taxes and expenditures

Medical and social care

welfare

Defense and diplomacy

european union

Immigration issue

Energy and environment

Health and social care

"In Scotland," Realization of Independence
Start negotiations with the British government
New authority to Holly Rudo

Supporting the abolition of the aristocracy

As promised, independence is written on the manifesto's "One Page 1": "Vote on SNP to become an independent country.

However, while SNP claims to "realize independence," this manifest is hardly described in how it can actually realize independence.

Swinny states that the desirable path to independence is a referendum, but it will definitely be rejected by the British government.

Interestingly, the manifeste emphasizes the mandating to independence in the previous Holly Rudo election, which is claimed by SNP, and that "it is more important that the mandate won in 2021 is more important than ever." I mentioned. Swinny served as a SNP leader from 2000 to 2004, but was dismissed with two election results and was dismissed. He is now a veteran politician, but not as popular as Star John.

Welfare

In the election campaign, the future of oil and gas in the North Sea was a major issue in Scotland, and SNP's influential people struggled without a clear answer on new excavations.
Swiny himself was also under pressure on SNP response to decentralized policy, such as education and health.
Although they are operated by Holly Rudes, there are evidence that many of the Scottish voters are increasingly disillusioned in schools and medical services.

Here, let's take a look at what SNP has promised with 32 pages.

Independence

Taxes and expenditures

Medical and social care

welfare

Defense and diplomacy

european union

Defence and foreign affairs

Immigration issue
Energy and environment
"In Scotland," Realization of Independence
Start negotiations with the British government

New authority to Holly Rudo

Supporting the abolition of the aristocracy

As promised, independence is written on the manifesto's "One Page 1": "Vote on SNP to become an independent country.

However, while SNP claims to "realize independence," this manifest is hardly described in how it can actually realize independence.

European Union

Swinny states that the desirable path to independence is a referendum, but the call for this will definitely be rejected by the British government.
Interestingly, the manifeste emphasizes the mandating to independence in the previous Holly Rudo election, which is claimed by SNP, and that "it is more important that the mandate won in 2021 is more important than ever." I mentioned.
Swinny repeatedly refused to conclude a reporter's interview that if he could not get the majority of seats in Scotland, he would lose his independent mandate. According to a poll, the polls have been trying to associate more approaches, such as the economy, NHS, and living expenses, which are commonly considered by Scottish voters. Other constitutional policies include a significant delegation of new authority to Holly Rudes and the abolition of the aristocracy.

"Tax authority to Holy Rude" Completely Transfer "

Supporting the ligh t-like taxation in front of Scottish companies.

We support the added value tax on private schools by the Labor Party.

SNP has increased income tax to everyone who has earned more than 28, 000 pounds in Scotland, but wants to step further, according to the manifest.

The party has demanded a "complete transfer" of tax authority to Holly Rood, which will allow more funds to be raised.

Swinny said on SNP that the national insurance was delegated to "secure tax rates and excitement in accordance with the progressive tax rate of income tax."

Immigration

It also seems to support a series of taxes like a series of lights in Scotland companies, and if you have the authority to impose it, you will be able to take two crisis, "satisfying the unique needs of Scotland and the climate change. "He claims.
The party also supports the Labor Party's proposal to impose added value tax on private schools.
Click here for a comparison with Lord Keer Starmer's manifest
Under SNP, the current financial rules are abolished and replaced by new guidelines that enable investment in public services.

However, it is difficult to indicate how these promises are paid because the details of the cost are unknown.

Requires Scottish NHS with an additional budget of £ 100 billion.

Abolish the privatization of medical services

Increased NHS salaries at least 6 billion pounds

Energy and environment

SNP has called on the British government to add £ 100 billion annually to the British government, claiming that it will "promote inflation pressure and improve performance."
In addition, the party hopes that Hollydo has agreed with NHS workers to prevent strikes, but NHS is currently in financial difficulties, although the more generous salary transactions and British governments are agreed.
This requires another 6 billion pounds throughout the UK, and the budget of the Scottish government will be raised by £ 1. 6 billion.

The party also has submitted a "bill to keep NHS in public hands" to protect medical services.

Despite the complete decentralization, SNP has begun to warn that only voting to the KMT can protect NHS from privatization.

Opponents see this as a sign of desperation from the SNP, especially as waiting times in Scotland soar to record levels and performance deteriorates.

Remove the cap on child benefit.

Provide free food and energy for low-income earners

Demand full compensation for WASPI women

At his manifesto launch, Swinney repeatedly attacked Labour for refusing to promise to end the two-child cap on child benefit, introduced in 2017.

Can you vote for the SNP in England?

The SNP manifesto says the policy causes "unnecessary suffering" and should be scrapped.

The party did not include costs in its manifesto, but independent researchers estimate that scrapping the policy that limits benefits to two children per family would cost £3. 4 billion a year.

How would the parties’ tax and spending plans affect Scotland and Wales?

The manifesto also appears to include a vague commitment to provide essentially free food and energy for low-income earners.

They support legislation to introduce an "essentials guarantee" to ensure "everyone can afford basic necessities such as food and utilities".
The SNP is also calling for "full, prompt and fair compensation" for WASPI women who claim they have been unfairly disadvantaged over pension changes.
John Swinney campaigning with Joanna Cherry, candidate for South West Edinburgh, 12 June Credit: Jane Barlow
Abolishing the Trident nuclear deterrent
Recognising the state of Palestine
Increasing the international aid budget
Raising the minimum military service age to 18
The SNP's main defence policy is the abolition of the Trident nuclear deterrent.
It says money freed up by decommissioning Britain's nuclear submarines could be used instead for "conventional defence and public services".
The party also wants the UK to demand an immediate ceasefire in Gaza and immediately recognise Palestine as a state.
According to the SNP, the UK's international aid budget should be increased to 0. 7% and the minimum age for joining the UK armed forces should be raised to 18.
The party has no policy on what percentage of GDP should be spent on defense, compared to the NATO target of 2%.
Rejoin the single market
Restore free movement of EU citizens.
Rejoin the EU as an independent state

Downloads

The SNP wants to "reverse the damage of Brexit, restore free movement of EU citizens and rejoin the single market."

Introduction and summary

However, it appears to concede that the UK will not rejoin the EU, instead emphasizing "the vision of an independent Scotland in the EU."

The manifesto says Brexit has been a "disaster" for Scotland and has wiped billions of dollars from the Scottish economy.

But no details have been given on how Scotland would meet the requirements for membership if it were to achieve independence.	Scottish civil servants estimate it would take nearly 10 years after leaving the UK for a Scottish nation to join.	Also, no word on how to create trade barriers with the rest of the UK, Scotland's biggest market by far, or overcome the inevitable border checks.
Return of free movement from the EU	Power to issue work permits to foreigners	Introduction of study and family visas
A more welcoming regime for asylum seekers	Scotland's working-age population is expected to fall over the coming decades, creating a demographic time bomb of a shrinking workforce to fund services for more old-age pensioners.	The SNP supports a much more liberal immigration policy than the UK government, including the return of free movement from the EU.
They also want Holyrood to have the power to issue work permits to foreigners based on the distinctive needs of the Scottish economy.
New work visas, five-year post-study visas, and family visas would be introduced, with far fewer barriers to entry than those currently used by the UK.	The SNP wants a more welcoming regime for asylum seekers, and the government claims that an independent Scotland would allow asylum seekers to work and claim benefits.
Introduce climate suitability assessments for fossil fuels.	Introduce climate compensation
Invest £28 billion in the green economy	The 2024 manifesto does not restate the SNP government's previous position that there should be a "presumption" for new oil and gas development in the North Sea.	However, it does not fully support it, saying there should instead be an "evidence-based approach to oil and gas".
Any further fossil fuel extraction must be subject to a "robust climate suitability assessment", but no details of what this would entail have been given.
The SNP wants Labour to revive an abandoned plan to invest at least £28 billion a year in the green economy, and Swinney's party has ruled out building new nuclear power stations in Scotland.	The manifesto supports the idea of climate compensation and calls for greater investment in "loss and damage".	The manifesto supports the idea of climate compensation and calls for greater investment in "loss and damage".

The British government has demanded new losses and damages, which must provide new contributions that are truly added to existing pledges. "

Until now, SNP has only been candidates in Scotland, and has not competed for seats in England and Wales.

Key findings

Candidates other than Scotland are contrary to the party's central goal of negotiating independent referendum.

In this "commentary", we will look at tax, yea r-old, finance, and constitution, how each party's proposal affects Scotland and Wales.

Financial and expenditure

Taxes and benefits

Benefit

Decentralization

What about the other parties?

Decentralized government finances

Financial rules and framework

1. Tax policy proposals

Government expenditure

Income tax

National insurance

Finances

Public department

Scotland independence

2. Benefit policy proposals

tax

Wales

Scotland

PDF download

The British General Elections on July 4 will determine the House of Representatives and will determine who will establish the next British government. The British parliament and the government will make decisions throughout the UK for some problems that are the center of elections, such as national defense spending and most taxes and benefits. However, other issues such as medical care and education have been delegated to the government of Scotland, Wales and North Ireland. This is because the British government's tax system and expenditure decisions are the "barnet type" (increasing or decreasing resources to the decentralization government based on the increase or decrease in spending in England), and how much the decentralization government is in each country. This is because it affects whether it can be expended. Table 1 summarizes which policy is directly managed by the British government and which policy is deciplented by Scotland and Wales.

Table 1. British government and the responsibility of the divisional government

British government

Scottish government

3. Spending on public services

Wales government

Most of the tax system including tax exemption

Income tax rates and tax rates for no n-savings, real estate transaction tax, business tax rate, city tax (and other local taxes), landfill tax

Income tax rates for dividend income other than savings, real estate transaction tax, business tax rate, city tax (and other local taxes), landfill tax

Most benefits and public pension policies

Most disability benefits, Winter Fuel Benefit, Cold Weather Benefit, Maternal and Child Feeding Grant, ability to create new benefits (such as the Scottish Child Payment), Universal Credit payment arrangements, Council Tax Relief, Discretionary Support Schemes

Council Tax Relief, Discretionary Support Schemes

Defence, Foreign Affairs, Overseas Aid, Immigration and Asylum

Police and Justice in England and Wales

Police and Justice in Scotland

Rail infrastructure in England and Wales

4. Public finances and borrowing

Rail infrastructure in Scotland

Broadcasting, Betting and Gambling, Competition Policy, Energy, Financial Services, Postal Services, Telecommunications, Some Economic Development Policies (UK Shared Prosperity Fund) money, levelling up fund etc.)

Health, education, childcare (excluding tax-free childcare), local government, housing, most transport, rural affairs, environment, sport and arts, most economic development

Health, education, childcare (excluding tax-free childcare), local government, housing, most transport (excluding rail infrastructure), rural affairs, environment, sport and arts, most economic development

Competition policy, currency, employment regulation, macroeconomic management

_{Full borrowing powers}

_{Limited borrowing powers}

It can still be difficult to know exactly how the policy proposals in each party's manifesto will affect Scotland and Wales. So in this report we have attempted to provide a guide to how tax and spending policy proposals will affect Scotland and Wales. We focus on the two main parties in the UK (Conservative and Labour), the SNP in Scotland and Plaid Cymru in Wales.

5. Independence

At a high level, the Labor Party proposes a slightly higher tax and expenditure than the Conservative Party, but the two parties have suggested a reduction in investment expenditures and a small increase in daily spending on public services. 。 The distribution of the Scottish and Wales' decentralized government to the entire service is up to the local government's judgment, but the decentral government that faces the pressure on medical care in the same way as England is its own country. Unless the tax increases, it is necessary to reduce at least some "no n-protected" services. SNP suggests that the UK as a whole will significantly increase investment and daily public services, and to increase benefits to active generations, but their financial resources will be covered by tax hike and an increase in borrowings. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, in order to avoid reducing "protected" services, it is enough to increase daily expenditures. Some of the tax hike proposed by SNP (income tax hike, which is mainly applied only outside the Scottland) means reducing the increase in spending in Scotland. It is difficult to evaluate their entire plan because PLAID CYMRU does not make a cos t-calculated proposal for tax and expenditure. However, it is clear that they support higher taxes, borrowing, and expenditures than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party, and claims reform of funding that claims to be profitable to Wales.

1. Most of the tax reforms proposed by the Conservative Party and the Labor Party are applied nationwide. The Conservative Party plans to reduce the national insurance premiums, and the Labor Party will impose added value tax on private school tuition. The exception is the stamp tax reduction proposed by the Conservative Party, only applied to England and North Ireland. The ratio of taxes to national income rises both parties, but the Labor Party is slightly higher than the Conservative Party. PLAID CYMRU and SNP have proposed a tax reform at the British level, which will overall a significant tax increase than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party. Surprisingly, the SNP's largest tax reform (the UK government adopts the current income tax band and tax rate of the Scottish government) is mostly outside Scotland. At a high level, the Labor Party proposes a slightly higher tax and expenditure than the Conservative Party, but the two parties have suggested a reduction in investment expenditures and a small increase in daily spending on public services. I'm doing it. The distribution of the Scottish and Wales' decentralized government to the entire service is up to the local government's judgment, but the decentral government that faces the pressure on medical care in the same way as England is its own country. Unless the tax increases, it is necessary to reduce at least some "no n-protected" services. SNP suggests that the UK as a whole will significantly increase investment and daily public services, and to increase benefits to active generations, but their financial resources will be covered by tax hike and an increase in borrowings. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, in order to avoid reducing "protected" services, it is enough to increase daily expenditures. SNP's proposed tax increase (income tax hike, which is mainly applied only outside the Scottish) means reducing the increase in spending in Scotland. It is difficult to evaluate their entire plan because PLAID CYMRU does not make a cos t-calculated proposal for tax and expenditure. However, it is clear that they support higher taxes, borrowing, and expenditures than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party, and claims reform of funding that claims to be profitable to Wales.

1. Most of the tax reforms proposed by the Conservative Party and the Labor Party are applied nationwide. The Conservative Party plans to reduce the national insurance premiums, and the Labor Party will impose added value tax on private school tuition. The exception is the stamp tax reduction proposed by the Conservative Party, only applied to England and North Ireland. The ratio of taxes to national income rises both parties, but the Labor Party is slightly higher than the Conservative Party. PLAID CYMRU and SNP have proposed a tax reform at the British level, which will overall a significant tax increase than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party. Surprisingly, the SNP's largest tax reform (the UK government adopts the current income tax band and tax rate of the Scottish government) is mostly outside Scotland. At a high level, the Labor Party proposes a slightly higher tax and expenditure than the Conservative Party, but the two parties have suggested a reduction in investment expenditures and a small increase in daily spending on public services. 。 The distribution of the Scottish and Wales' decentralized government to the entire service is up to the local government's judgment, but the decentral government that faces the pressure on medical care in the same way as England is its own country. Unless the tax increases, it is necessary to reduce at least some "no n-protected" services. SNP suggests that the UK as a whole will significantly increase investment and daily public services, and to increase benefits to active generations, but their financial resources will be covered by tax hike and an increase in borrowings. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, in order to avoid reducing "protected" services, it is enough to increase daily expenditures. Some of the tax hike proposed by SNP (income tax hike, which is mainly applied only outside the Scottland) means reducing the increase in spending in Scotland. It is difficult to evaluate their entire plan because PLAID CYMRU does not make a cos t-calculated proposal for tax and expenditure. However, it is clear that they support higher taxes, borrowing, and expenditures than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party, and claims reform of funding that claims to be profitable to Wales.

2. The Conservative Party proposes to reduce benefits than forecasts, but does not explain how to fully reduce the reduction. The reform of the disabled allowance is not directly applied in Scotland and affects the financial resources of the Scottish government. In other words, unless the Scottish government has reduced its own benefit, it will be forced to increase tax or reduce other expenditures. The Labor Party has promised universal credits and disability benefits applied throughout the UK, but there are no specific promises. Played Simul and SNP have proposed significant enrollment in the benefits system, especially for families with children. It also demands further decentralization of benefit policy.

3. The conservative party and the labor party's manifests have some fin e-tuned adjustments to public service expenditures, but it is likely that there will be many unprotected areas for expenditures and investments that will be reduced after the election. 。 PLAID CYMRU does not say how much it should be spent, but their suggestions for specific services will need higher spending. SNP proposes a significant addition to daily expenditures and investment, which is more than enough to avoid reducing unprotected fields and investment in other areas in the UK. However, SNP proposes to raise funds for other regional expenditures in the United Kingdom means that Scotland cannot be expected to increase as large as England, Wales and North Ireland.

6. Devolution and ‘levelling up’

4. The planned plan for the Conservative Party and the Labor Party is enough to reduce the percentage of government debt to national income by 2028-29. However, the difficulty in predicting means that, in reality, even if the two parties plan is completely protected, it is only 50:50 that the debt will actually decrease in that year. PLAID CYMRU does not provide enough information to calculate the impact of their borrowing and debt, but they are more likely to be higher than the Labor and Conservative plans. SNP proposes a higher borrowing within the new financial rules, which will increase the ratio of debt in national income in the long term. 2. The Conservative Party proposes to reduce benefits than forecasts, but does not explain how to fully reduce the reduction. The reform of the disabled allowance is not directly applied in Scotland and affects the financial resources of the Scottish government. In other words, unless the Scottish government has reduced its own benefit, it will be forced to increase tax or reduce other expenditures. The Labor Party has promised universal credits and disability benefits applied throughout the UK, but there are no specific promises. Played Simul and SNP have proposed significant enrollment in the benefits system, especially for families with children. It also demands further decentralization of benefit policy.

4. The planned plan for the Conservative Party and the Labor Party is enough to reduce the percentage of government debt to national income by 2028-29. However, the difficulty in predicting means that, in reality, even if the two parties plan is completely protected, it is only 50:50 that the debt will actually decrease in that year. PLAID CYMRU does not provide enough information to calculate the impact of their borrowing and debt, but they are more likely to be higher than the Labor and Conservative plans. SNP proposes a higher borrowing within the new financial rules, which will increase the ratio of debt in national income in the long term. 2. The Conservative Party proposes to reduce benefits than forecasts, but does not explain how to fully reduce the reduction. The reform of the disabled allowance is not directly applied in Scotland and affects the financial resources of the Scottish government. In other words, unless the Scottish government has reduced its own benefit, it will be forced to increase tax or reduce other expenditures. The Labor Party has promised universal credits and disability benefits applied throughout the UK, but there are no specific promises. Played Simul and SNP have proposed significant enrollment in the benefits system, especially for families with children. It also demands further decentralization of benefit policy.

3. The conservative party and the labor party's manifests have some fin e-tuned adjustments to public service expenditures, but it is likely that there will be many unprotected areas for expenditures and investments that will be reduced after the election. 。 PLAID CYMRU does not say how much it should be spent, but their suggestions for specific services will need higher spending. SNP proposes a significant addition to daily expenditures and investment, which is more than enough to avoid reducing unprotected fields and investment in other areas in the UK. However, the method of raising the increase in other regions in the UK proposed by SNP means that Scotland is not expected to increase as large as England, Wales and North Ireland.

5. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party have denied the independence of Scotland and Wales. PLAID CYMRU and SNP are surprisingly agreed. SNP and Played Simaru correctly emphasize the instant financial bodies contained in the UK's major parties, while Scotland and Wales become independent, at least for the first few years. You will be forced to face a major financial issue.

Endnotes

6. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party do not talk relatively much about the delegation of authority to Scotland and Wales. Plaid Cymru and SNP want a significant delegation of spending and regulatory policies, including "flat" funds. Here, the Labor Party proposes to give some role to the "representative" of Scotland and Wales, but in contrast to Westmin Star members of these countries, what role the government in these countries has the government. It is not clear whether to do it. The Conservative Party has proposed to abolish one of the main fla t-level funds since 2028 to provide funds to the "National Service" system throughout the UK. SNP and Played Simul both have proposed substantial decentralization to each country. SNP proposal for "complete" tax and social security proposals requires a completely new financing model for Scotland.

Introduction

IFS researchers' reactions to other political parties can read here. Roughly speaking, public service expenditures are not directly applied to Scotland or Wales, but affects the financial resources of the decentralization government (Ingred and Wales' Green Party and Liberal Democratic Party Increase, Reform UK reduced. ) Tax and benefit policies are usually applied to the UK as a whole, but changes in the disabled benefits in Scotland are exceptional.

The Liberal Democratic Party proposes higher taxes, borrowing, and expenditures than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party. However, their proposals are dwarfed by the Green Party's proposal, borrowing, and expenditure. Conversely, the reforms have proposed a significant tax reduction and expenditure reduction as a whole. In the case of the Green Party, the tax increase is likely to be much less than the proposal, but in the case of a reform group, tax reduction will be much more expensive than forecast, and spending will not be saved. 5. Both the Conservative and the Labor Party have denied the independence of Scotland and Wales. PLAID CYMRU and SNP are surprisingly agreed. SNP and Played Simaru correctly emphasize the instant financial bodies contained in the UK's major parties, while Scotland and Wales become independent, at least for the first few years. You will be forced to face a major financial issue.

6. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party do not talk relatively much about the delegation of authority to Scotland and Wales. Plaid Cymru and SNP want a significant delegation of spending and regulatory policies, including "flat" funds. Here, the Labor Party proposes to give some role to the "representative" of Scotland and Wales, but in contrast to Westmin Star members of these countries, what role the government in these countries has the government. It is not clear whether to do it. The Conservative Party has proposed to abolish one of the main fla t-level funds since 2028 to provide funds to the "National Service" system throughout the UK. SNP and Played Simul both have proposed substantial decentralization to each country. SNP proposal for "complete" tax and social security proposals requires a completely new financing model for Scotland.

The Liberal Democratic Party proposes higher taxes, borrowing, and expenditures than the Labor Party and the Conservative Party. However, their proposals are dwarfed by the Green Party's proposal, borrowing, and expenditure. Conversely, the reforms have proposed a significant tax reduction and expenditure reduction as a whole. In the case of the Green Party, the tax increase is likely to be much less than the proposal, but in the case of a reform group, tax reduction will be much more expensive than forecast, and spending will not be saved. 5. The Conservative Party and the Labor Party have denied the independence of Scotland and Wales. PLAID CYMRU and SNP are surprisingly agreed. SNP and Played Simaru correctly emphasize the instant financial bodies contained in the UK's major parties, while Scotland and Wales become independent, at least for the first few years. You will be forced to face a major financial issue.

Findings

Most of the tax reforms proposed by the Conservatives and Labour will apply nationwide. This includes the Conservatives' pledge to further reduce National Insurance contributions for employees and the self-employed, Labour's plans to impose VAT on private school tuition fees, and increased taxation on private equity profits, but the number of high-income individuals and families in Scotland and especially Wales is relatively small, so the proportion of the population affected by Labour's proposals will be smaller than in England. A key exception is the Conservatives' proposal to maintain the stamp duty threshold for first-time buyers at £425, 000 (rather than reverting to £300, 000). As this tax is devolved to Scotland and Wales, the policy will not apply in those countries. Instead, the divided governments will receive the same amount of tax, which they can spend as they wish or use to reduce their own taxes.

Both the Conservatives and Labour confirmed that they would maintain the current freezes on income tax and National Insurance thresholds until April 2028. These freezes apply directly in Wales, as they do in England and Northern Ireland. The income tax situation in Scotland is more complex, reflecting that, unlike Wales, tax rates as well as tax bands are devolved to the Scottish Government, apart from the non-taxable personal allowance. This means that the freeze on personal allowances applies directly in Scotland as in the rest of the UK, but it is up to the Scottish Government to freeze other tax thresholds and tax bands on income other than savings and dividends. However, when tax thresholds are frozen in the rest of the UK, funding from the UK Government to the Scottish Government is adjusted, so the Scottish Government would also need to freeze its tax threshold if it wants to benefit from the extra revenues from the tax threshold freeze.

Both Plaid Cymru and the SNP have proposed changes to the UK-wide tax system and the devolution of new tax powers.

On UK-wide taxes, Plaid Cymru advocates increasing taxes on energy companies, bringing capital gains tax rates to the same as income tax rates, and investigating raising national insurance contributions for high earners and introducing a wealth tax. It also proposes further devolution of income tax and, although the manifesto does not make this fully clear, Plaid Cymru suggests it would use its enhanced powers to raise taxes on high earners, just like in Scotland.

The SNP's main proposals for taxation are tax increases that would barely apply in Scotland, and would replicate the Scottish system of income tax rates and rate bands in the rest of the UK. This would reduce tax by up to £23 per year for people earning less than about £29, 000 per year, but would significantly increase income tax for higher earners. For example, income tax for someone earning £50, 000 per year would rise by £1, 540 per year, while income tax for someone earning £125, 000 would rise by £5, 220. The SNP estimates that by 2028-29, this would raise £16. 5 billion per year for the UK government. Other proposals that would apply across the UK, including Scotland, include imposing a value-added tax on private school fees (as proposed by Labour), taxing share buybacks and increasing the bank corporation tax levy and bank levy (as proposed by the Liberal Democrats), and adding a gambling levy to the existing gambling tax. The SNP also wants significant tax devolution to Scotland, including full powers over income tax, National Insurance contributions, value added tax and the power to tax "excess" profits (which they say should apply more broadly than just to the energy sector). Delegating income tax on savings and dividends is a sensible idea. Delegating National Insurance contributions would allow for better integration with income tax. Together, these proposals would allow for useful reforms to the way different forms of income are taxed. However, careful consideration is needed as to how any reforms would affect contributory benefits such as state pensions that are linked to National Insurance contributions. Also, transferring all income tax rules would increase complexity for some taxpayers and tax authorities (for example, if different expenses are tax deductible for employees living in different parts of the UK). Value Added Tax (VAT) is a particularly tricky tax to devolve, as it could create trade barriers between Scotland and the rest of the UK. If VAT were devolved, the SNP would propose a cut in VAT on hospitality and tourism in Scotland.

The Labor Party's manifest does not include specific policies for active generation benefits. However, it states that "Universal Credit will be reviewed, you will be able to get rewards in line with labor, and you will work on poverty." Both are related to the benefits applied to the UK as a whole, but it is unknown what the Labor Party thinks. Changes to Universal Credit, which affect the number and characteristics of the qualified qualifications, are eligible and expenditure for some decentralization benefits in Scotland (such as Scotland child allowance), which are linked to the universal credit receipt. It also affects.

The Conservative Party proposes to increase the thickness of the active generation benefit system. The child allowance is to increase the threshold that is suspended, and to suspend the payment not to the income of the couple's most income, but to the family income. This is applied to the whole UK.

The main plan of the Conservative Party is to reduce other benefits by £ 12 billion than the current prediction. Some of the emphasized policies are already incorporated into financial predictions because they are already in British government policies. Manifests are particularly focused on the benefits of the disabled, and here has been expected to continue since the pandemic, and the number of cases has increased rapidly and will continue. If reforms are made on the disabled (personal independence support, etc.) and cases are reduced, it will be applied in Wales, but it will not be applied in Scotland, where most of the disabled allowances are deciplent. However, if expenditures are reduced in other areas in the UK, the resources for the disability allowance paid to the Scottish government will decrease. The Scottish government needs to further withdraw general financial resources to pay the benefits, or reduce the expenditure of the border north. < SPAN> Labor Party manifests do not include specific policies for active generation benefits. However, it states that "Universal Credit will be reviewed, you will be able to get rewards in line with labor, and you will work on poverty." Both are related to the benefits applied to the UK as a whole, but it is unknown what the Labor Party thinks. Changes to Universal Credit, which affect the number and characteristics of the qualified qualifications, are eligible and expenditure for some decentralization benefits in Scotland (such as Scotland child allowance), which are linked to the universal credit receipt. It also affects.	The Conservative Party proposes to increase the thickness of the active generation benefit system. The child allowance is to increase the threshold that is suspended, and to suspend the payment not to the income of the couple's most income, but to the family income. This is applied to the whole UK.	The main plan of the Conservative Party is to reduce other benefits by £ 12 billion than the current prediction. Some of the emphasized policies are already incorporated into financial predictions because they are already in British government policies. Manifests are particularly focused on the benefits of the disabled, and here has been expected to continue since the pandemic, and the number of cases has increased rapidly and will continue. If reforms are made on the disabled (personal independence support, etc.) and cases are reduced, it will be applied in Wales, but it will not be applied in Scotland, where most of the disabled allowances are deciplent. However, if expenditures are reduced in other areas in the UK, the resources for the disability allowance paid to the Scottish government will decrease. The Scottish government needs to further withdraw general financial resources to pay the benefits, or reduce the expenditure of the border north. The Labor Party's manifest does not include specific policies for active generation benefits. However, it states that "Universal Credit will be reviewed, you will be able to get rewards in line with labor, and you will work on poverty." Both are related to the benefits applied to the UK as a whole, but it is unknown what the Labor Party thinks. Changes to Universal Credit, which affect the number and characteristics of the qualified qualifications, are eligible and expenditure for some decentralization benefits in Scotland (such as Scotland child allowance), which are linked to the universal credit receipt. It also affects.	The Conservative Party proposes to increase the thickness of the active generation benefit system. The child allowance is to increase the threshold that is suspended, and to suspend the payment not to the income of the couple's most income, but to the family income. This is applied to the whole UK.
The main plan of the Conservative Party is to reduce other benefits by £ 12 billion than the current prediction. Some of the emphasized policies are already incorporated into financial predictions because they are already in British government policies. Manifests are particularly focused on the benefits of the disabled, and here has been expected to continue since the pandemic, and the number of cases has increased rapidly and will continue. If reforms are made on the disabled (personal independence support, etc.) and cases are reduced, it will be applied in Wales, but it will not be applied in Scotland, where most of the disabled allowances are deciplent. However, if expenditures are reduced in other areas in the UK, the resources for the disability allowance paid to the Scottish government will decrease. The Scottish government needs to further withdraw general financial resources to pay the benefits, or reduce the expenditure of the border north.	62	13	4.7
The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties argue that it will increase the thickness of the British level. Both are demanding the abolition of the tw o-child restrictions in Universal Credit and the recovery of links between regional housing allowance (LHA) and regional rent in Universal Credit (LHA is currently frozen). Furthermore, it will change the method of determining the qualification of universal credits due to disability (the standard will be changed to whether or not a disability will affect employment ability) I propose that.	28	20	1.4
The most important thing is that both SNP and Plaid Cymru have proposed an indispensable guarantee in the benefit system. According to the Plaid Cymru, this is based on the numbers calculated by Trussell Trust and Joseph RownTree Foundation, for £ 120 per week for adults and 200 pounds per week for couples (excluding housing expenses). It is to make people properly cover food and utility bills. According to SNP's estimation, their "necessity guarantee" will cost £ 20 billion annually by 2028-29 throughout the UK.	14	15	0.9
Played Simroo also demands that child allowance is increased by £ 20 a week, and the cost is £ 15 billion per year in the UK, and £ 60 to £ 60 million per year. In addition, Played Simul has proposed a change in the operation of Universal Credit, such as shortening waiting time until the first payment and special rules for the qualifications of farmers.	128	11	SNP proposes a universal credit increase for a couple under the age of 25, one of the adults over the age of public pensions, and the other to a couple under the age of public pensions (this group has been more generous before. I had the right to receive a "pension credit"). He also hopes that authority regarding the setting of local housing allowance will be transferred. < SPAN> PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties argue that it will increase the thickness of the British level. Both are demanding the abolition of the tw o-child restrictions in Universal Credit and the recovery of links between regional housing allowance (LHA) and regional rent in Universal Credit (LHA is currently frozen). Furthermore, it will change the method of determining the qualification of universal credits due to disability (the standard will be changed to whether or not a disability will affect employment ability) I propose that.
The most important thing is that both SNP and Plaid Cymru have proposed an indispensable guarantee in the benefit system. According to the Plaid Cymru, this is based on the numbers calculated by Trussell Trust and Joseph RownTree Foundation, for £ 120 per week for adults and 200 pounds per week for couples (excluding housing expenses). It is to make people properly cover food and utility bills. According to SNP's estimation, their "necessity guarantee" will cost £ 20 billion annually by 2028-29 throughout the UK.	104	8	Played Simroo also demands that child allowance is increased by £ 20 a week, and the cost is £ 15 billion per year in the UK, and £ 60 to £ 60 million per year. In addition, Played Simul has proposed a change in the operation of Universal Credit, such as shortening waiting time until the first payment and special rules for the qualifications of farmers.
SNP proposes a universal credit increase for a couple under the age of 25, one of the adults over the age of public pensions, and the other to a couple under the age of public pensions (this group has been more generous before. I had the right to receive a "pension credit"). He also hopes that authority regarding the setting of local housing allowance will be transferred. The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties argue that it will increase the thickness of the British level. Both are demanding the abolition of the tw o-child restrictions in Universal Credit and the recovery of links between regional housing allowance (LHA) and regional rent in Universal Credit (LHA is currently frozen). Furthermore, it will change the method of determining the qualification of universal credits due to disability (the standard will be changed to whether or not a disability will affect employment ability) I propose that.	24	0	N/A

The most important thing is that both SNP and Plaid Cymru have proposed an indispensable guarantee in the benefit system. According to the Plaid Cymru, this is based on the numbers calculated by Trussell Trust and Joseph RownTree Foundation, for £ 120 per week for adults and 200 pounds per week for couples (excluding housing expenses). , It is something that people can properly cover food expenses and utility bills. According to SNP's estimation, their "necessities guarantees" will cost £ 20 billion annually by 2028-29 throughout the UK.

Discussion and conclusion

Played Simroo also demands that child allowance is increased by £ 20 a week, and the cost is £ 15 billion per year in the UK, and £ 60 to £ 60 million per year. In addition, Played Simul has proposed a change in the operation of Universal Credit, such as shortening waiting time until the first payment and special rules for the qualifications of farmers.

SNP proposes a universal credit increase for a couple under the age of 25, one of the adults over the age of public pensions, and the other to a couple under the age of public pensions (this group has been more generous before. I had the right to receive a "pension credit"). He also hopes that authority regarding the setting of local housing allowance will be transferred.

All four parties support the maintenance of public pension triple locks (the Conservative Party and the Played Simul also propose to link the income tax threshold to this raising). It is legitimate to protect the value of public pensions for both income and prices, but the triple lock design only depends on the lon g-term thickness of the pension and the lon g-term fluctuation of income and prices. It also depends on the annual variation and correlation of these fluctuations. There is a better way to avoid such problems, and for both the people and the government to reduce the thickness and cost of the future pension and the value of the public pension.

In March budget, Prime Minister Jeremy Hunt increased daily public service expenditures by 1 % a year between 2024-25 and 2028-29, and freezes investment spending on cash (effectively). Again, a plan of reduction) was announced again. According to the IFS analysis, everyday expenditures are considered to achieve NHS's lon g-term workforce plans, protect the total amount of England's school budget, and to achieve the promise of assistance, defense, and childcare. In other fields, it may be reduced by £ 10 billion annually by 2028-29.

Such plans will almost certainly increase the number of decentralized governments' fiscal expenditures, and will exceed the inflation rate of about 1 % a year, as in the average of the entire public expenditure. However, because of the same tight medical expenses, it is likely that other parts of the budget will be reduced.
How will each party's manifest change this composition?
There is no significant change for the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. All four parties support the maintenance of public pension triple locks (the Conservative Party and the Played Simul also propose the income tax threshold to this raising). It is legitimate to protect the value of public pensions for both income and prices, but the triple lock design only depends on the lon g-term thickness of the pension and the lon g-term fluctuation of income and prices. It also depends on the annual variation and correlation of these fluctuations. There is a better way to avoid such problems, and for both the people and the government to reduce the thickness and cost of the future pension and the value of the public pension.
In March budget, Prime Minister Jeremy Hunt increased daily public service expenditures by 1 % a year between 2024-25 and 2028-29, and freezes investment spending on cash (effectively). Again, a plan of reduction) was announced again. According to the IFS analysis, everyday expenditures are considered to achieve NHS's lon g-term workforce plans, protect the total amount of England's school budget, and to achieve the promise of assistance, defense, and childcare. In other fields, it may be reduced by £ 10 billion annually by 2028-29.
Such plans will almost certainly increase the number of decentralized governments' fiscal expenditures, and will exceed the inflation rate of about 1 % a year, as in the average of the entire public expenditure. However, because of the same tight medical expenses, it is likely that other parts of the budget will be reduced.
How will each party's manifest change this composition?
There is no significant change for the Conservative Party and the Labor Party. All four parties support the maintenance of public pension triple locks (the Conservative Party and the Played Simul also propose to link the income tax threshold to this raising). It is legitimate to protect the value of public pensions for both income and prices, but the triple lock design only depends on the lon g-term thickness of the pension and the lon g-term fluctuation of income and prices. It also depends on the annual variation and correlation of these fluctuations. There is a better way to avoid such problems, and for both the people and the government to reduce the thickness and cost of the future pension and the value of the public pension.
In March budget, Prime Minister Jeremy Hunt increased daily public service expenditures by 1 % a year between 2024-25 and 2028-29, and freezes investment spending on cash (effectively). Again, a plan of reduction) was announced again. According to the IFS analysis, everyday expenditures are considered to achieve NHS's lon g-term workforce plans, protect the total amount of England's school budget, and to achieve the promise of assistance, defense, and childcare. In other fields, it may be reduced by £ 10 billion annually by 2028-29.

Such plans will almost certainly increase the number of decentralized governments' fiscal expenditures, and will exceed the inflation rate of about 1 % a year, as in the average of the entire public expenditure. However, because of the same tight medical expenses, it is likely that other parts of the budget will be reduced.

How will each party's manifest change this composition?

There is no significant change for the Conservative Party and the Labor Party.

Regulatory commitments in manifestos

Labour

In combination, the Conservative Party's plan is almost the same as the Prime Minister's launched in March. However, since the Conservative Party proposes an increase in defense expenses that are financially reduced by other expenditures, the planning of the Conservative Party will increase the pace of "unprotected" daily expenditures. In contrast, the Labor Party's plan suggests an increase of about 10 billion pounds a year by 2028-29, and the breakdown has almost half the investment expenditure (mainly environmentally friendly). It is. Therefore, the Labor Party claims that it will not return to austerity, but if you take other pledges (for example, achieving a lon g-term workforce plan of the UK), the Labor Party plan is protected. It only reduces the pace of less daily expenditure. In addition, the Labor Party promoting green investment remains in effect. Therefore, at least in the public sector, further reductions will be reduced unless the Labor Party's spending plan is further increased due to an increase in borrowing or taxation.

Most of the concrete policies related to the medical, education, and social care in the conservative and the labor party's manifest are only in England, but it also worth noting that the amount of funded governments receives in the barnet system. 。 For example, Scotland and Wales' Labor Party's promise on NHS's personnel affairs and the number of teachers. As a result of these promises, the decentralization government will receive funds, but how to use the funds depends on them, and the Labor Party, which is responsible for the Westmin Star, may be different from the purpose of using the funds. 。 The pledge on the number of police by the Conservative Party and the Labor Party directly affects Wales, whose justice and police activities are not decentralized, but does not affect Scotland, which is decentralized.
The Plaid Cymru has been hinted on a significant addition of an existing expenditure plan at the British level, and SNP has stated that. If these are combined, the conservative party plans will almost unchanged no n-paid spending compared to the plan launched by the Prime Minister in March. However, since the Conservative Party proposes an increase in defense expenses that are financially reduced by other expenditures, the planning of the Conservative Party will increase the pace of "unprotected" daily expenditures. In contrast, the Labor Party's plan suggests an increase of about 10 billion pounds a year by 2028-29, and the breakdown has almost half the investment expenditure (mainly environmentally friendly). It is. Therefore, the Labor Party claims that it will not return to austerity, but if you take other pledges (for example, achieving a lon g-term workforce plan of the UK), the Labor Party plan is protected. It only reduces the pace of less daily expenditure. In addition, the Labor Party promoting green investment remains in effect. Therefore, at least in the public sector, further reductions will be reduced unless the Labor Party's spending plan is further increased due to an increase in borrowing or taxation.
Most of the concrete policies related to the medical, education, and social care in the conservative and the labor party's manifest are only in England, but it also worth noting that the amount of funded governments receives in the barnet system. 。 For example, Scotland and Wales' Labor Party's promise on NHS's personnel affairs and the number of teachers. As a result of these promises, the decentralization government will receive funds, but how to use the funds depends on them, and the Labor Party, which is responsible for the Westmin Star, may be different from the purpose of using the funds. 。 The pledge on the number of police by the Conservative Party and the Labor Party directly affects Wales, whose justice and police activities are not decentralized, but does not affect Scotland, which is decentralized.
The Plaid Cymru has been hinted on a significant addition of an existing expenditure plan at the British level, and SNP has stated that. In combination, the Conservative Party's plan is almost the same as the Prime Minister's launched in March. However, since the Conservative Party proposes an increase in defense expenses that are financially reduced by other expenditures, the planning of the Conservative Party will increase the pace of "unprotected" daily expenditures. In contrast, the Labor Party's plan suggests an increase of about 10 billion pounds a year by 2028-29, and the breakdown has almost half the investment expenditure (mainly environmentally friendly). It is. Therefore, the Labor Party claims that it will not return to austerity, but if you take other pledges (for example, achieving a lon g-term workforce plan of the UK), the Labor Party plan is protected. It only reduces the pace of less daily expenditure. In addition, the Labor Party promoting green investment remains in effect. Therefore, at least in the public sector, further reductions will be reduced unless the Labor Party's spending plan is further increased due to an increase in borrowing or taxation.
Most of the concrete policies related to the medical, education, and social care in the conservative and the labor party's manifest are only in England, but it also worth noting that the amount of funded governments receives in the barnet system. 。 For example, Scotland and Wales' Labor Party's promise on NHS's personnel affairs and the number of teachers. As a result of these promises, the decentralization government will receive funds, but how to use the funds depends on them, and the Labor Party, which is responsible for the Westmin Star, may be different from the purpose of using the funds. 。 The pledge on the number of police by the Conservative Party and the Labor Party directly affects Wales, whose justice and police activities are not decentralized, but does not affect Scotland, which is decentralized.
The Plaid Cymru has been hinted on a significant addition of an existing expenditure plan at the British level, and SNP has stated that.
Plaid Cymru does not show specific spending plans (or does not provide policy cost statements), but personal care in Wales, universal free childcare from the age of 1, universal free school lunch. Unless the expenditure is increased in the UK or at the Wales level, it will deepen the reduction of unprotected services. They also propose reforms of funding for the decentralization government, such as replacing the barnet system with a need s-based approach. 1
SNP proposes to increase daily expenditures from 2028 to 29 to 18 billion pounds, which are implicitly contained in the current British government's spending plan. It is to avoid reducing to. SNP also suggests that in addition to the increase we have estimated to achieve NHS's lon g-term labor plan, it will further increase English NHS spending by £ 16 billion. When these are combined, this is a really bigger spending compared to the current plan. In other words, the actual annual average annual growth rate of daily public services is not 1 %, but probably 2. 4 to 2. 8 %.
Both tax hike will bring additional financial resources to the Scottish government (and other decentralization) by the barnet system. However, since these financial resources are partially covered by the increase in income tax rates, which are rarely applied in Scotland, the increase in Scottish governments is reduced in proportion to the increase in public spending in other areas in the UK. According to SNP estimates, income tax changes in other areas in the United Kingdom are £ 16. 5 billion annually, with this "shortage" of about £ 1. 1 billion per year. In other words, even if SNP wants Scotland to receive an NHS expenditure equivalent to 1. 6 billion pounds that SNP will receive the NHS spending in England, the Scottish government is probably protected unless the income tax is raised further in Scotland. It is necessary to reduce some of the no n-served services.
In terms of investment, SNP proposes to stop the real reduction of investment spending scheduled by the Minister of Finance in 2028-29 from 2028-29. He also proposes to boost investment in the "Green Economy" to £ 28 billion annually. In fact, in order to use this additional investment well, it is necessary to gradually increase.
Taken together, the Conservative and Labour tax and spending proposals have little impact on the overall finances. In both cases, existing projections suggest that debt will continue to rise as a share of national income over the next few years, before falling very slightly in 2028-29. But the margin of error is small and the uncertainty is high. Even if these plans are implemented as is, there is only a 50:50 chance that the debt will actually fall five years from now, which is necessary to meet both parties' fiscal rules.
There are no figures in Plaid Cymru's manifesto, so it is hard to say exactly what their plans will mean for borrowing and the national debt, but given their large, specific spending proposals and vague tax proposals, it is unlikely that they will borrow less than the major UK parties.
The SNP has vowed to increase borrowing to fund a £28 billion increase in investment in the green economy. To make this possible, it proposes new fiscal rules based on public sector net worth and debt servicing costs as a percentage of revenue. There is merit in tracking both of these. But with debt interest spending already at levels far higher than we have become accustomed to in recent decades, the SNP plan would mean more borrowing and keeping public sector net debt as a share of national income rising for longer (potentially much longer) than either the Conservative or Labour plans. That’s because the SNP’s biggest revenue boost is actually not from tax measures, but from the extra economic growth that comes with rejoining the EU. The figure they assume (£30 billion a year) is not an unreasonable figure in the long run if the UK rejoins the EU, but Conservative and Labour statements suggest it is unlikely to materialise in the next parliament. Without such revenue, further borrowing would be necessary to fund the SNP’s spending commitments.
Figure 1 compares the relative size of the "giveaways" (tax cuts or spending increases) and "takeaways" (tax increases or spending cuts) for 2029-30 set out in each party's manifesto compared with the plan set out by Chancellor Jeremy Hunt in March. It clearly shows how fiscally modest the changes proposed by Labour and the Conservatives are compared with the plans set out by the SNP and especially the Green Party and Reform UK. (Plaid Cymru does not cost its policies and therefore cannot be included in this figure). Where allowances exceed take-home pay, each party's own cost calculations would increase borrowing compared with the plan set out by the Chancellor in March (and vice versa). Figure 1. Proposed tax and spending "give-aways" and "take-aways" in each party's manifesto (2029-30)
*Reform figures are annual averages, not 2029-30 figures.*Reform figures are annual averages, not 2029-30 figures.
Note: SNP's "Other" assumes revenue gains from EU re-membership. Reform's "Other" assumes revenue gains from savings in debt interest payments due to reduced interest payments on reserves held at the Bank of England, and growth from other tax and spending measures. In this chart, all costs provided by the parties are given.
Source Source: Party manifesto costing documents
Repaying the national debt (i. e. paying interest and repaying borrowed money) is a UK-wide issue, including Scotland and Wales, and is expected to account for £8 of every £1 spent on government spending across the UK over the next five years, on average. This compares to £4 per pound in 2019-20, before the COVID-19 pandemic and the recent interest rate increases.
One area where neither the SNP nor Plaid Cymru have properly discussed the fiscal impact, and therefore the potential tax and spending implications, is independence.
The SNP has front-loaded Scottish independence in its manifesto, stating that if it wins a majority of Scottish seats it would have a mandate for a second referendum. Plaid Cymru is much less focused on independence, but reiterates independence as a goal in its manifesto and proposes a green paper on how to achieve it. Both the Conservative and Labour manifestos reaffirm their opposition to independence and a second Scottish independence referendum.
There are two reasons why independence is a fiscal issue.
First, independence will have an impact on the economy and therefore on the public finances. The SNP and Plaid Cymru have highlighted the potential economic benefits of independence, such as increased trade and growth from rejoining the EU. However, in the short term, independence is likely to be economically destructive, especially as it would increase trade barriers with England (if an independent Scotland or Wales were to rejoin the EU), which is currently the largest trading partner of both Scotland and Wales.
Second, Scotland and Wales have much higher public spending per capita than the UK as a whole. In Scotland's case, tax revenues per capita are comparable to the UK average, but in Wales, with its relatively low income and weak economy, tax revenues per capita are much lower than the UK as a whole. This means that, in effect, Scotland and Wales are receiving fiscal transfers from the UK that they will lose by independence. Both an independent Scotland and Wales would start life with much higher levels of borrowing relative to the size of their economies than the UK as a whole, and these would have to be addressed. The SNP manifesto avoids the issue, while Plaid Cymru cites research suggesting manageable deficits, but this assumes, among other things, that the UK government will continue to pay state pensions after independence (which seems highly unlikely).
In the long run, a different policy mix could boost the economy and improve public finances if Wales or Scotland become independent. But for at least the first decade (and probably longer for Wales, whose finances are particularly weak), the opposite will almost certainly be true. Tax increases or deep spending cuts would be needed to address the large budget deficits these newly independent countries would have.
What about devolution within the UK?
He has already mentioned the transfer of the tax system that Played Simrou and SNP desired. In contrast, neither the Conservative Party nor the Labor Party not refer to the tax reform in the manifest. In fact, both parties manifests have relatively few descriptions of authority to Scotland and Wales. In addition, the manifest itself is not clearly mentioned, but despite the request of the Wales Labor Party, the Labor Party has denied police and judiciary to Wales. (In the Labor Party's manifest, the judiciary and police policy are repeatedly mentioned that they are applied to both England and Wales, which are controversially supporting them.)
The Labor Party promises that Scotland and Wales' representatives will play a bigger role in allocation of "leveling" funding, but the role of Scottish Office, Wales Office, and Divisional government headquarters headquarters in Westminsters. Is opaque. Wales reports suggests share responsibility with the Wales government, but Scotland's report emphasizes the role of Scotland. The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties have called for completely dividing the funds.
The Conservative Party is a UK Sharing Fund (UKSPF (UKSPF), which is 1. 5 billion pounds, which is 1. 5 billion pounds for the purpose of equalization, to cover some funds for the national government employee plan for the entire UK (including Scotland and Wales). ) Is proposed to abolish from 2028. Currently, Wales has an overwhelming amount of money per person than any country or region through UKSPF. This is one of the most economical areas in Japan, and a remnant of the previous EU regional development funding rules, which was duplicated when UKSPF was introduced after Breggitte. 。 According to the analysis of IFS, the abolition of UKSPF loses the largest amount of money per person per person (273 pounds per year and 246 pounds per resident), and the Wales Council is per year. Lost over 100 pounds. In Scotland, the largest hit is the islands (about 50 pounds per person per year), and the loss of the Scottish council is £ 23 per person. He has already mentioned the transfer of the tax system desired by Played Simrou and SNP. In contrast, neither the Conservative Party nor the Labor Party not refer to the tax reform in the manifest. In fact, both parties manifests have relatively few descriptions of authority to Scotland and Wales. In addition, the manifest itself is not clearly mentioned, but despite the request of the Wales Labor Party, the Labor Party has denied police and judiciary to Wales. (In the Labor Party's manifest, the judiciary and police policy are repeatedly mentioned that they are applied to both England and Wales, which are controversially supporting them.)
The Labor Party promises that Scotland and Wales' representatives will play a bigger role in allocation of "leveling" funding, but the role of Scottish Office, Wales Office, and Divisional government headquarters headquarters in Westminsters. Is opaque. Wales reports suggests share responsibility with the Wales government, but Scotland's report emphasizes the role of Scotland. The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties have called for completely dividing the funds.
The Conservative Party is a UK Sharing Fund (UKSPF (UKSPF), which is 1. 5 billion pounds, which is 1. 5 billion pounds for the purpose of equalization, to cover some funds for the national government employee plan for the entire UK (including Scotland and Wales). ) Is proposed to abolish from 2028. Currently, Wales has an overwhelming amount of money per person than any country or region through UKSPF. This is one of the most economical areas in Japan, and a remnant of the previous EU regional development funding rules, which was duplicated when UKSPF was introduced after Breggitte. 。 According to the analysis of IFS, the abolition of UKSPF loses the largest amount of money per person per person (273 pounds per year and 246 pounds per resident), and the Wales Council is per year. Lost over 100 pounds. In Scotland, the largest hit is the islands (about 50 pounds per person per year), and the loss of the Scottish council is £ 23 per person. He has already mentioned the transfer of the tax system that Played Simrou and SNP desired. In contrast, neither the Conservative Party nor the Labor Party not refer to the tax reform in the manifest. In fact, both parties manifests have relatively few descriptions of authority to Scotland and Wales. In addition, the manifest itself is not clearly mentioned, but despite the request of the Wales Labor Party, the Labor Party has denied police and judiciary to Wales. (In the Labor Party's manifest, the judiciary and police policy are repeatedly mentioned that they are applied to both England and Wales, which are controversially supporting them.)
The Labor Party promises that Scotland and Wales' representatives will play a bigger role in allocation of "leveling" funding, but the role of Scottish Office, Wales Office, and Divisional government headquarters headquarters in Westminsters. Is opaque. Wales reports suggests share responsibility with the Wales government, but Scotland's report emphasizes the role of Scotland. The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties have called for completely dividing the funds.
The Conservative Party is a UK Sharing Fund (UKSPF (UKSPF), which is 1. 5 billion pounds, which is 1. 5 billion pounds for the purpose of equalization, to cover some funds for the national government employee plan for the entire UK (including Scotland and Wales). ) Is proposed to abolish from 2028. Currently, Wales has an overwhelming amount of money per person than any country or region through UKSPF. This is one of the most economical areas in Japan, and a remnant of the previous EU regional development funding rules, which was duplicated when UKSPF was introduced after Breggitte. 。 According to the analysis of IFS, the abolition of UKSPF loses the largest amount of money per person per person (273 pounds per year and 246 pounds per resident), and the Wales Council is per year. Lost over 100 pounds. In Scotland, the largest hit is the islands (about 50 pounds per person per year), and the loss of the Scottish council is £ 23 per person.
Plaid Cymru's manifesto calls for the devolution of police and justice to the Welsh government, as well as rail infrastructure funding. Their preference for need-based funding does not extend to these areas where population-based allocations would mean more funding for Wales (Wales has less crime than England and much lower rail usage). As part of their proposal to devolve rail infrastructure funding, Plaid Cymru also says the Welsh government should receive funding for the construction of Highway 2 (the Scottish and Northern Irish governments do, but this is because rail infrastructure funding is already devolved to those countries). This amounts to around £4 billion over the life of the HS2 project.
The SNP's manifesto also calls for "full" devolution of tax and social security, as well as specific tax and benefit powers. This is a major change and would require broader changes to the UK's financial structure, including the overall level of funding provided to Scotland and how Scottish taxpayers contribute to the functioning of the UK as a whole (defence, foreign aid, paying the national debt, etc.).
1. Funding for the devolved governments is currently updated annually using the Barnett formula, which each year funds the previous year plus a proportionate share of planned spending in England. In the case of Wales, this population-based change is multiplied by 1. 05. As Plaid Cymru says, the system is arbitrary and needs to be reformed. However, removing the Barnett formula and moving to a needs-based system could result in Wales receiving less funding than England in the short term. According to the latest estimates (https://assets. publishing. service. gov. uk/media/61b8c523d3bf7f054e7695b7/BGT_Explanatory_note__HMT_template_. pdf), Wales receives around 20% more for devolved services than is spent on equivalent services in England. The last needs assessment commissioned by the Welsh Government (https://www. gov. wales/sites/default/files/publications/2018-10/fairness-and-accountability. pdf), indeed 15 years ago, found that need was 14-17% higher than in England. If this continues, a needs-based system could reduce funding to the Welsh Government by around £1 billion a year.
In the general election campaign, each political party has announced the promise on taxation and financial expenditures, and it is expected that a sufficient cost calculation will be carried out for fiscal policy 1. 1, but general on the proposed regulatory measures. Citizen's discussions are extremely small.
Modern nations are more likely to rely on regulations than public ownership and the Central Economic Plan (Majone 1994). Regulation is a mechanism that the state tries to forcibly control the behavior of individuals, organizations, and corporate actions. Regulations include primary law, secondary law, codetary code, and guidelines.
Regulations are designed to achieve certain policy purposes, such as protecting public health, ensuring consumer safety, promoting competition, and protecting the environment. However, excessive regulations (often called government offices) can be a huge cost, such as hindering innovation, hindering economic growth, and increasing prices. In particular, when regulations act on each other to increase business burden, these costs may exceed potential interests.
According to one study, if the regulations are increased by 10%, prices will rise by 0. 7%(Chambers and Collins 2016). It should be noted that in the UK, sectors that have the highest regulatory intervention, such as electricity, housing, childcare, and finance, have experienced the largest price increase in the last few decades, but have a strong regulation. Is a price drop (LESH 2024).
Despite the claim that the manifest is "completely calculated", none of the political parties have made a cost calculation of regulatory proposals. This briefing does not try to provide the overall or independent of regulatory costs analysis of regulatory measures. This is not possible because of the lack of details. Rather, the aim of this briefing is to highlight the scope of regulatory measures proposed throughout the entire manifest and the absence of cost calculation. It highlights that the treatment of financial measures and regulatory measures is inconsistent.
The briefing shows a list of regulatory measures and numerical values for each of the six major parties voting rates: Labor Party, Conservative, Reformed UK, Liberal Democratic Party, Green Party, Scotland Nationalist Party (SNP). In the General Election Campaign, each political party has announced a promise on taxation and financial expenditures, and it is expected that a sufficient cost calculation will be carried out in the fiscal policy 1. 1, but the proposed regulatory measures. The discussions of the general public on impact are extremely small.
Modern nations are more likely to rely on regulations than public ownership and the Central Economic Plan (Majone 1994). Regulation is a mechanism that the state tries to forcibly control the behavior of individuals, organizations, and corporate actions. Regulations include primary law, secondary law, codetary code, and guidelines.
Regulations are designed to achieve certain policy purposes, such as protecting public health, ensuring consumer safety, promoting competition, and protecting the environment. However, excessive regulations (often called government offices) can be a huge cost, such as hindering innovation, hindering economic growth, and increasing prices. In particular, when regulations act on each other to increase business burden, these costs may exceed potential interests.
According to one study, if the regulations are increased by 10%, prices will rise by 0. 7%(Chambers and Collins 2016). It should be noted that in the UK, sectors that have the highest regulatory intervention, such as electricity, housing, childcare, and finance, have experienced the largest price increase in the last few decades, but have a strong regulation. Is a price drop (LESH 2024).
Despite the claim that the manifest is "completely calculated", none of the political parties have made a cost calculation of regulatory proposals. This briefing does not try to provide the overall or independent of regulatory costs analysis of regulatory measures. This is not possible because of the lack of details. Rather, the aim of this briefing is to highlight the scope of regulatory measures proposed throughout the entire manifest and the absence of cost calculation. It highlights that the treatment of financial measures and regulatory measures is inconsistent.
The briefing shows a list of regulatory measures and numerical values for each of the six major parties voting rates: Labor Party, Conservative, Reformed UK, Liberal Democratic Party, Green Party, Scotland Nationalist Party (SNP). In the general election campaign, each political party has announced the promise on taxation and financial expenditures, and it is expected that a sufficient cost calculation will be carried out for fiscal policy 1. 1, but general on the proposed regulatory measures. Citizen's discussions are extremely small.
Modern nations are more likely to rely on regulations than public ownership and the Central Economic Plan (Majone 1994). Regulation is a mechanism that the state tries to forcibly control the behavior of individuals, organizations, and corporate actions. Regulations include primary law, secondary law, codetary code, and guidelines.
Regulations are designed to achieve certain policy purposes, such as protecting public health, ensuring consumer safety, promoting competition, and protecting the environment. However, excessive regulations (often called government offices) can be a huge cost, such as hindering innovation, hindering economic growth, and increasing prices. In particular, when regulations act on each other to increase business burden, these costs may exceed potential interests.
According to one study, if the regulations are increased by 10%, prices will rise by 0. 7%(Chambers and Collins 2016). It should be noted that in the UK, sectors that have the highest regulatory intervention, such as electricity, housing, childcare, and finance, have experienced the largest price increase in the last few decades, but have a strong regulation. Is a price drop (LESH 2024).
Despite the claim that the manifest is "completely calculated", none of the political parties have made a cost calculation of regulatory proposals. This briefing does not try to provide the overall or independent of regulatory costs analysis of regulatory measures. This is not possible because of the lack of details. Rather, the aim of this briefing is to highlight the scope of regulatory measures proposed throughout the entire manifest and the absence of cost calculation. It highlights that the treatment of financial measures and regulatory measures is inconsistent.
The briefing shows a list of regulatory measures and numerical values for each of the six major parties voting rates: Labor Party, Conservative, Reformed UK, Liberal Democratic Party, Green Party, Scotland Nationalist Party (SNP).
Consider regulations that affect business costs in the UK. 2) How to regulate the government independently (plans to recognize the ownership of the Labor Party bus business, prohibit the use of mobile phones at schools during the daytime, the rules of NHS management methods, etc.) (such as rules related to the management method of NHS) (the Labor Party) It does not include an adult criminal's entry into towns, a plan to prohibit protests outside the school, or tax (OECD's lowest corporate tax rate, etc.).
Through all six manifests, 361 policies increase regulatory burden, and 67 policies reduce regulatory burden.
The Labor Party proposes 62 policies to increase regulation burden and 13 policies to reduce. In other words, with one reduced burden, 4. 7 policies increase the regulation burden.
The Conservative Party has proposed 28 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced 20 policies. In other words, 1. 4 policies will increase the regulation burden each time one reduction.
Reforms have proposed 14 policies to increase regulation burden and 15 policies to reduce. In other words, each time the number is reduced, the 0. 9 policy increases the regulation burden.
The LDP has proposed 128 policies to increase regulation burden and 11 policies to reduce. In other words, 11. 6 policies increase the regulatory burden each time.
The Green Party has proposed 104 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced eight policies. In other words, every 13. 1 policies increase the regulation burden each time.
SNP has proposed 24 policies to increase regulation burden 24 and reduced by 0 policies.
Table 1. Each party's manifest regulation promise
Political party name
Increase burden

Reducing burden

Ratio
Labor Party
Conservative party
British reform
LDP
11. 6
Green party
13. 1
SNP
Figure 1. Number of regulations on manifests of each political party
The manifests of each political party include hundreds of new plans that touch various policies, from environmental, workers' rights to public business regulations, racial relationships, and housing. These policies are expected to cost hundreds of hundreds of pounds of business costs. It is at risk of increasing household budget prices, reduced wages of workers, and inhibiting entrepreneurs. Examine regulations that affect business costs in the UK. 2) How to regulate the government independently (plans to recognize the ownership of the Labor Party bus business, prohibit the use of mobile phones at schools during the daytime, the rules of NHS management methods, etc.) (such as rules related to the management method of NHS) (the Labor Party) It does not include an adult criminal's entry into towns, a plan to prohibit protests outside the school, or tax (OECD's lowest corporate tax rate, etc.).
Through all six manifests, 361 policies increase regulatory burden, and 67 policies reduce regulatory burden.
The Labor Party proposes 62 policies to increase regulation burden and 13 policies to reduce. In other words, with one reduced burden, 4. 7 policies increase the regulation burden.

Conservatives

The Conservative Party has proposed 28 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced 20 policies. In other words, 1. 4 policies will increase the regulation burden each time one reduction.

Reforms have proposed 14 policies to increase regulation burden and 15 policies to reduce. In other words, each time the number is reduced, the 0. 9 policy increases the regulation burden.
The Conservative Party is a UK Sharing Fund (UKSPF (UKSPF), which is 1. 5 billion pounds, which is 1. 5 billion pounds for the purpose of equalization, to cover some funds for the national government employee plan for the entire UK (including Scotland and Wales). ) Is proposed to abolish from 2028. Currently, Wales has an overwhelming amount of money per person than any country or region through UKSPF. This is one of the most economical areas in Japan, and a remnant of the previous EU regional development funding rules, which was duplicated when UKSPF was introduced after Breggitte. 。 According to the analysis of IFS, the abolition of UKSPF loses the largest amount of money per person per person (273 pounds per year and 246 pounds per resident), and the Wales Council is per year. Lost over 100 pounds. In Scotland, the largest hit is the islands (about 50 pounds per person per year), and the loss of the Scottish council is £ 23 per person. He has already mentioned the transfer of the tax system that Played Simrou and SNP desired. In contrast, neither the Conservative Party nor the Labor Party not refer to the tax reform in the manifest. In fact, both parties manifests have relatively few descriptions of authority to Scotland and Wales. In addition, the manifest itself is not clearly mentioned, but despite the request of the Wales Labor Party, the Labor Party has denied police and judiciary to Wales. (In the Labor Party's manifest, the judiciary and police policy are repeatedly mentioned that they are applied to both England and Wales, which are controversially supporting them.)
The Green Party has proposed 104 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced eight policies. In other words, every 13. 1 policies increase the regulation burden each time.
SNP has proposed 24 policies to increase regulation burden 24 and reduced by 0 policies.
Table 1. Each party's manifest regulation promise
Political party name
SNP proposes to increase daily expenditures from 2028 to 29 to 18 billion pounds, which are implicitly contained in the current British government's spending plan. It is to avoid reducing to. SNP also suggests that in addition to the increase we have estimated to achieve NHS's lon g-term labor plan, it will further increase English NHS spending by £ 16 billion. When these are combined, this is a really bigger spending compared to the current plan. In other words, the actual annual average annual growth rate of daily public services is not 1 %, but probably 2. 4 to 2. 8 %.
SNP has proposed 24 policies to increase regulation burden 24 and reduced by 0 policies.
Ratio
The Labor Party promises that Scotland and Wales' representatives will play a bigger role in allocation of "leveling" funding, but the role of Scottish Office, Wales Office, and Divisional government headquarters headquarters in Westminsters. Is opaque. Wales reports suggests share responsibility with the Wales government, but Scotland's report emphasizes the role of Scotland. The PLAID CYMRU and SNP parties have called for completely dividing the funds.
Conservative party
British reform
LDP
11. 6
Green party
13. 1
SNP
Figure 1. Number of regulations on manifests of each political party
The manifests of each political party include hundreds of new plans that touch various policies, from environmental, workers' rights to public business regulations, racial relationships, and housing. These policies are expected to cost hundreds of hundreds of pounds of business costs. It is at risk of increasing household budget prices, reduced wages of workers, and inhibiting entrepreneurs. Consider regulations that affect business costs in the UK. 2) How to regulate the government independently (plans to recognize the ownership of the Labor Party bus business, prohibit the use of mobile phones at schools during the daytime, the rules of NHS management methods, etc.) (such as rules related to the management method of NHS) (the Labor Party) It does not include an adult criminal's entry into towns, a plan to prohibit protests outside the school, or tax (OECD's lowest corporate tax rate, etc.).
Through all six manifests, 361 policies increase regulatory burden, and 67 policies reduce regulatory burden.
The Labor Party has proposed 62 policies to increase regulation burden and 13 policies to reduce. In other words, with one reduced burden, 4. 7 policies increase the regulation burden.
The Conservative Party has proposed 28 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced 20 policies. In other words, 1. 4 policies will increase the regulation burden each time one reduction.
Reforms have proposed 14 policies to increase regulation burden and 15 policies to reduce. In other words, each time the number is reduced, the 0. 9 policy increases the regulation burden.
The LDP has proposed 128 policies to increase regulation burden and 11 policies to reduce. In other words, 11. 6 policies increase the regulatory burden each time.
The Green Party has proposed 104 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced eight policies. In other words, every 13. 1 policies increase the regulation burden each time.
SNP has proposed 24 policies to increase regulation burden 24 and reduced by 0 policies.
Table 1. Each party's manifest regulation promise
Political party name

Increase burden

Reducing burden
Ratio
Labor Party
Conservative party
British reform
LDP
11. 6
Green party
13. 1
SNP
Figure 1. Number of regulations on manifests of each political party
The manifests of each political party include hundreds of new plans that touch various policies, from environmental, workers' rights to public business regulations, racial relationships, and housing. These policies are expected to cost hundreds of hundreds of pounds of business costs. It is at risk of increasing household budget prices, reduced wages of workers, and inhibiting entrepreneurs.
The Labor Party's manifest includes important new regulation proposals, from permanent ban on water pressure to expand the same wage obligations and stricter energy efficiency standards for rental housing. These policies are due to good intentions, but they may have a heavy burden that cannot be overlooked. The Conservative Party has fewer proposed measures than the Labor Party. However, there are some new effort, such as the obligation to prevent terrorism at night facilities. The Liberal Democratic Party and the Green Party have submitted more than 100 regulations, from the crackdown on ticket resale (the Liberal Democratic Party) to the new fence to install hedgehog holes (the Green Party). Reform UK has the smallest proposal to propose the new control of the political parties that have been analyzed, but it still requires the mandatory space for gende r-specific spaces, reviewing the online safety bill to deal with the lef t-wing bias, and the "fair price". We are seeking to strengthen CMA authority to secure.
Regulatory measures included in the manifest are more likely to have a greater economic effect than many political parties' fiscal reform proposals. For example, the Labor Party has proposed only five tax hikes, and is expected to increase by £ 7 billion. Business costs related to regulatory reform will probably be much higher. One policy of obligating private rental housing to meet the minimum energy standards will cost £ 12. 2 billion (Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 2020).
It is impossible to completely analyze the costs and benefits of various proposals, and many are particularly unknown. For example, the Labor Party promises to improve the safety of buildings through regulations, but the measures have not been stated. Nevertheless, there are several existing research by the government and third parties regarding the potential costs of several measures proposed:
Central for Economics and Business Research (CEBR 2023) estimates that the ban on new cars of 2030 gasoline and diesel vehicles will cost an additional cost of £ 1, 000 per household from 2022 to 2050. [Labor Party, Green Party, Liberal Democratic Policy].
According to the government's impact, it is said that it will cost £ 12. 2 billion if it is obliged to meet the minimum energy standards in private rental housing (Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy 2020). [Labor Party, Liberal Democratic Party, Green Party's Policy].
A government impact assessment of the Leaseholders (Reform) Bill puts the cost to businesses at £1 billion (Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities 2023). [Conservative, Labour, Greens, Lib Dems].
A government impact assessment found that the "Martin's Law" terrorism impact assessment requirement for night-time venues would cost businesses £2. 7 billion (The Home Office 2023). [Conservative, Labour, SNP].
A government impact assessment found that the football regulator would cost clubs £79. 9 million (Department for Culture, Media and Sport 2024). [Conservative, Labour, Lib Dems].

Reform UK

A government impact assessment estimated that a ban on junk food advertising would cost businesses £664 million (Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport 2021). [Conservative and Labour].
My rough and conservative estimate is that a mining ban would mean a loss of £8. 1 billion in natural gas sales each year. 3
The manifestos also contain deregulatory proposals, which we hope will help ease the burden on businesses and grow the economy. The Conservative and Labour manifestos include a range of proposals for planning reform to enable housebuilding and speed up large-scale projects. This is particularly important given that planning regulations are costing the UK economy tens of billions of pounds (McClements and Hausenloy 2024). The Liberal Democrats and Greens would allow more solar and wind power projects. The Liberal Democrats would also propose simplifying childminder regulations, and the Greens want a legally regulated drug market.
The Reform UK manifesto includes significant deregulation policies, including proposals to allow the shale gas industry in the UK and a general commitment to scrap "thousands" of laws that hold businesses back. The Reform manifesto claims that its policies on the economy, energy and Brexit regulations could boost growth by 1%, resulting in an extra £10 billion in tax revenue per year. However, it does not specify how this will be calculated or what specific measures it will take.
The prosperity of the UK depends not only on how the nation is levied and spending, but also in the countless ways to manage our lives and limit corporate activities. Some suggestions are praised, but many are good measures and are likely to increase costs for uncertain benefits.
Increase in regulation burden
Prohibition of eviction by Article 21 is prohibited immediately.
The "first right" of a new housing policy for local residents.
Prohibit exploitation and discrimination of individual lessee.
Accept an opposition to an unreasonable rent increase
Strict time limit for dealing with dangerous dangers such as moisture and mold in private rental properties
Gasoline cars and diesel vehicles are prohibited from 2030.
Prohibit mining "permanently"
Prohibit smoking.

Increase burden

Prohibit junk food ads for children.
Prohibition of high caffeine energy beverages under the age of 16.
Prohibit exploitation zero time contracts.
Prohibition of dismissal and reemployment
Prohibition of trail hunting
No import of hunting trophy
Prohibit ninja swords, deadly zonvis tiles, nata, and strengthen rules to prevent online sales.
Strengthening power market regulations
In 2010, enacted social and economic obligations under the flat laws.
Give the rights from the first day to protect childcare leave, illness allowance, and unfair dismissal.
A single executive organization.
Raise the minimum wage (change the authority of the Low Wage Committee).
Apply the minimum wage to all ages.
Requirements for wage gaps between people with disabilities and ethnic groups.
The same wage obligation due to race and disability.

Liberal Democrats

Introducing racial equal laws, including the rights of the same wage of black, Asians, and other ethnic minorities and protection from double discrimination.
Encourage the work pension system to invest in the British market.
AI imposes AI safety regulations on a handful of companies.
Prohibit sexually explicit fake.
Introducing football regulator.
Private rental housing must meet the minimum energy efficiency standard by 2030.
New construction of apartments with leasehold is prohibited.
Work on no n-regulated affordable lands.
Strengthen affordable housing requirements in new development.
Requirements for high quality, excellent design, and environmentally friendly
Enter the proposal of the Law Committee on land leasehold, management right, and common hold.
Unreasonable maintenance costs from private housing housing complexes of "Free Hold" are prohibited.
Improve the safety of the building through regulations.
Reforms gambling regulations and strengthen protection.
Water companies that fail to clean up rivers will face special measures.
The Plaid Cymru has been hinted on a significant addition of an existing expenditure plan at the British level, and SNP has stated that.
Require UK regulated financial institutions and FTSE 100 companies, including banks, asset managers, pension funds and insurers, to develop and implement credible transition plans that are in line with the Paris Agreement's 1. 5°C target.
Bank of England climate change targets
Abolish puppy smuggling, farming and trapping.
Phasing out animal testing
The Conservative Party has proposed 28 policies to increase regulation burden and reduced 20 policies. In other words, 1. 4 policies will increase the regulation burden each time one reduction.
Fair pay agreement: collective bargaining agreement in social care.
National care services including new national standards
New rights for residents to see their families
New provisions in the Online Safety Act
Powers for coroners to assess information held by tech companies after a child's death
Measures against late payment
Standardisation of used battery information
Ban on new oil and gas exploration
Ban on new coal mines
Negotiate a veterinary agreement with the European Union (mandating the adoption of EU animal and food regulations through "dynamic alignment").
Ban "conversion therapy".
Businesses that employ migrants will demand that workers be upskilled and conditions improved.
Introduce Martin's Law and require anti-terrorism plans for night-time establishments.
Update counter-extremism rules, including online.
Post-Government restrictions on lobbying ministers, with new sanctions.
Strengthen HMRC registration and reporting requirements.
Reducing regulatory burdens
Faster approvals for brownfield sites in urban areas
Reinstate mandatory housing targets and ensure planning authorities have up-to-date local plans (thus streamlining planning applications and making arbitrary requirements and objections more difficult) (1. 5 million people).
Cut red tape for major projects such as roads, rail, reservoirs and other nationally significant infrastructure.
Update national planning policy to make it easier to build laboratories, digital infrastructure and gigafactories.
Promote (or lift the ban on) onshore wind power.
Introduce a Regulatory Innovation Office and speed up approvals.
Strengthen the presumption in favour of sustainable development.
Reform compulsory purchase compensation rules to improve land assembly and supply.
Free up some of the Green Belt land to build more housing.
Valuing the role of social care workers in basic health treatment and monitoring.
Negotiate a mutual approval agreement between the EU and specialized qualifications.
The construction of houses affected by nutritional neutral will be lifted.
Introducing regional pharmacist prescription services, giving more independent prescription rights to more pharmacists.
Increase in regulation burden
No n-surgical beauty treatment license system and age limit
Introducing soccer regulation authorities.
Prohibit advertising for hig h-fat, hig h-salt, and high sugar products.
Relaxer reform bill including the abolition of "Article 21"
Counsil authority to limit the number of holiday sets
The leasehold right is completely reformed, such as the upper limit of the land of 250 pounds and reducing the pepper cone over time.
Prohibit smoking.
Introducing Martin's Law and forcing a plan to prevent terrorism at night venues.
Introducing the Forest Risk Industrial Law.
Prohibit sexually explicit deep fake
Prohibition of SIM farm
Prohibit financial products recruitment calls.
Further strengthen parental controls on social media, such as more effective age verification and parental control.
Prohibition of new waste incinerators
Maintain national living wages to tw o-thirds of the median income
Improve Prompt Payment Code execution.
Consider a recommendation for an independent review of Baron Baron Bartin about pornography.
Pump watch scheme (PUMPWATCH SCHEME) is obliged to share price live information to gas stations.
Private prescriptions and supply of puberty inhibitors for gender identity disorder are prohibited.
Raise a fine to public corporate companies who created a "street scar".
Expand blue belt ocean protection with overseas territory.
Ratification of the World Marine Treaty.
Prohibit imports of trophy hunting.
Work on puppy smuggling and abuse of livestock.
Prohibit executive bonuses for water companies that have violated serious violations.
Implement the obligation of Zero Emission vehicle (ZEV)
Supporting the obligatory duty of sustainable air fuel in the UK
British deposit return system
Reduction of regulation burden
Annual permission round for petroleum and gas production
Make sure that capital requirements for Basel III do not weaken loans for small and mediu m-sized enterprises
Conduct a large mansion reform
Based on Edinbara reform.
Increase the threshold for employees to release more companies from a large burden obligation.
Increase free ports
Reforms EU environmental regulations to enable more prompt infrastructure development.
Introducing proportional requirements to offset the impact of new infrastructure and housing on the environment.
It enables prompt changes in the approved infrastructure project.
Regularly introduce new national policy statements for planning and infrastructure projects.
To avoid delays, focus on the improvement of projects according to clear goals.
Reforms the judicial examination of infrastructure to prevent frivolous delays.
Abolish the nutritional neutral rules.
Quickly approve the development in brown area.
The mayor of London is asked to approve more housing construction in a brown area.
The burden of Article 106 in small lands is eliminated.
Simplify the planning process for those who build and request their own house.
Revise the planning law to enable local market days.
Reforms a prompt permission planning system for building infrastructure on farms.
Reforms the planning system to enable more tree planting.
Increase in regulation burden
Instead of a borrower (reform) bill), we will strengthen the process of monitoring, complaining, and enforcement for the forced execution.
Article 106 A contract shall be enforced.
Reform of leasehold: Extended to 990, making it cheaper and easier to buy free holds.
Mandy for gende r-specific space.
Review online safety bills (deal with lef t-wing bias on social media).
Strengthen regulations on important national infrastructure.
Incorporate the upper limit on the permanent fee.
CMA authority to secure "fair price".
Clarify the British food display.
Prohibit the use of British flags by foreign owners.
Pair troll fishing for buses is prohibited across the southeast and 12 miles of 12 miles.
The Dutch ship's electric pulse fishing is prohibited in the 20 0-mile EEZ in the UK.
Fish caught in the British sea area are landed and processed in the UK.
A comprehensive speech free bill to prevent lef t-wing bias (also applied to private institutions).
Reduction of regulation burden
Quickly acquire the gas and petroleum license in the North Sea.
Give a shale gas trial digging permit for two years.
Promote new housing construction in brown field land at a rapid pace.
Larg e-scale housing development will adopt a "loos e-fit planning" policy that incorporates prior approved guidelines and developers.
Thousands of laws that hinder British business, such as the Employment Law, are abolished.
Abolish net zero goals.
Promptly promote clean nuclear power with a new small reactor.
Abolish over 6, 700 EU methods, including national assistance, competition, employment, internet zero, and environment.
R e-negotiations of the EU Trade Cooperation Agreement and eliminate the requirements for "fair competition conditions".
Abolish the ban on gasoline and diesel vehicles.
Abolish the legal requirements (ZEV obligation) for manufacturers for selling electric vehicles.

Reducing burden

Reduce agricultural government office work by HMRC and British Cattle Movement Service.
Review the pension system and reduce complexity.
Amendment of equal law 2010
Increase in regulation burden
All products are dated a concisely and clear outline for data and privacy approaches.
The Financial Conduct Authority and the PRUDENTIAL Regulation Authority are obliged to consider financial envelon.
Introducing a general duty to consider the environment and human rights in business management and supply chains.
Britain secures the highest level comparable to the EU standard in the environment, health, labor, and consumer protection.
Build a framework for AI regulations.
Make it possible for employees of more than 250 employees to trust shares.
A formal statement is made to large companies about "purpose" with a obligation to report.

Green Party

Over a prompt signature for companies with more than 250 employees.
Abolish the minimum wage reduction of apprentices.
Establish a worker protection executive organization.
A new employment form called "subordinate contractor" will be established.
Raise the minimum wage of zero time contract by 20 %.
"Zero Time Workers" and dispatched workers have the right to request a fixe d-time contract after 12 months.
Transfer the responsibility of the employment trial to the employer from an individual to the employer.
Gasoline cars and diesel vehicles are prohibited from 2030.
Immediately oblige all new houses and no n-residential buildings under zero carbon standards.
The landlord will r e-introduce the duty to improve the energy efficiency of the property to EPC C or higher by 2028.
Introducing social tallifs (discounted energy rates for vulnerable households).
Eliminate regional disparities in domestic energy rates.
Prohibition of new coal mine.
Mandy the settings and reports of the Internet target for large companies in the UK.
Regulates financial services to encourage investment in consideration of climate change.
Provide new authority that regulatory authorities can act if banks and other investors do not properly manage climate change risks.
Vape regulation to suppress the use of children.
Prohibit disposable VAPE.
Limit junk food outdoor advertisements and TV ads after the basin.
Establish the National Nursing Agency to set the minimum standard of nursing care.
Regular response for unpaid caregivers is legally guaranteed.
Rights of paid caregiver leave.
"Nursing care" is a characteristic that is protected by the 2010 flat law.
The employer is obliged to make a reasonable adjustment for the caregiver.
Minimum wage of caregiver
Make 'caring experience' a protected characteristic under the Equality Act 2010.
Require the majority of carers working with 2-4 year olds to be Early Years qualified or working towards qualification.
Include special educational needs and disabilities in training for Early Years staff.
Create a single childminder register.
Entitle all to day parental pay and leave, including adoptive and kinship carers.
Double statutory maternity pay and shared parental pay to £350 per week.
Increase maternity leave pay to 90% of earnings.
Introduce casual use months for fathers and partners paid at 90% of earnings (with a cap for higher earners).
Make it mandatory for large employers to publish their parental leave and pay policies.
Give each parent six weeks' "optional" leave (at 90% of earnings) and 46 weeks' "parental leave" (at double the current statutory wage).
Introduce paid neonatal leave.
Require banks to reimburse victims of direct deposit fraud.
Introduce new laws to crack down on the smuggling of puppies and kittens.
Strengthen enforcement of storm flood laws.
Set legally binding targets for preventing wastewater dumping on beaches and nature reserves by 2030.
Turn water companies into public utilities.
Ban bonuses for water bosses until discharges and leaks are eliminated.
Replace Ofwat with a tough regulator with new powers.
Double the area of protected area networks and forests by 2050.
Double the area of our most important wildlife habitats.
Enact the Clean Air Act to tackle air pollution.
Strengthen the Environmental Protection Agency.
Give local environmental groups a place on the boards of directors of water companies.
Introduce a social tariff on water rates.
Require sustainable drainage systems for new developments.
Require real-time reporting of wastewater dumping.
Enact new environmental rights laws.
Protect at least 30% of land and sea areas for nature recovery by 2030.
Apply for membership of the European Environment Agency.
Protect one million acres of green space.
Require large companies to publish transition plans to actively protect nature.
Introduce nature-related financial disclosure requirements for large companies.
Require new developments to result in significant net gains in biodiversity.
Introduce a deposit return scheme.
Phase out non-recyclable single-use plastics within three years.
Protect 30% of the world's oceans by 2030 through the UN High Seas Treaty.
The world plastic treaty will be concluded to reduce global plastic pollution.
Stops plastic waste exports by 2030.
The daily incineration of Heath in horticulture and peat areas is prohibited.
Work on "Green Washing" by introducing the new blue carbon standards and soil carbon standards that are properly implemented and recognized.
Build a network of a marine reserve.
Negotiate the EU with a veterinarian / plant hygiene agreement (obliged the EU animal and food regulations by "Dynamic Alignment").
Prohibition of bottoming net fishing in a marine reserve.
Strengthen the food code arbitrage committee.
Expand the authority to inspect and monitor food production to local governments.
Strengthen inspections for imported foods.
Introducing a strong and eas y-t o-understand food display.
Acquisition of a comprehensive new animal welfare bill.
Prohibits produced foods using foie gras and antibiotics growth promotion agents.
Improves animal health standards, such as banning cage breeding and unnecessary painful agricultural methods.
At least match the strict rules of the EU for antibiotics preventive use.
Immediately prohibit negligence evacuation.
Default a thre e-year rental contract.
Create a national registration book for a landlord with a license.
Abolish housing lease rights.
Install an upper limit on the area
Introduce a plan permission to use or lose to the developer.
Actively implement social rental housing standards.
Resident panel
Give local governments with new authority to manage second houses and shor t-term rentals.
Strengthen local government authority for regional assets
Free the railway fare.
Simplify the ticketing ticket for public transportation
Charging points can be used with bank cards.
Protect car drivers from unreasonable insurance and gasoline prices.
Establish the Railway Agency
Strengthen sanctions and dismissal of railway operators.
The airline is obliged to present the carbon dioxide emissions of domestic flights compared to the railway at the time of booking.
Prohibit domestic shor t-range flights of railway alternatives.
Airport expansion moratorium
It requires subtitles to at least 80 % of o n-demand TV content, 10 % audio guide, and 5 %.
Part 2 of the Levenson survey.
Ticket resale crackdown
Gambling advertising regulations
Establish a gambling onbudsman to correct fraud.
Perform effective gambling affordability checks.
Strict measures against dark gambling
Establish a soccer regulation organization.
Enhance the appropriate test of the owner candidate and directors.

Reducing burden

Extending free-to-air sports requirements.
Right to flexible working
Right for disabled people to work from home
Banning conversion therapy
Introducing a digital bill of rights
Regulatory framework for biometric surveillance
Require social media companies to publish reports on abuses against women and girls and other groups who share protected characteristics.
Closing the gender pay gap.

Scottish National Party (SNP)

New accessibility standards for public spaces
Strengthening and expanding lobbying registration.
A global treaty or convention to combat disinformation and election interference.
Banning imports from areas with high levels of abuse.
Rejoining the single market
Closing "loopholes" in economic crime laws.
Reducing regulatory burden
Removing new solar and wind power regulations.
Extending prescribing rights for pharmacists, nurse practitioners and paramedics.
Introducing a legal and regulated cannabis market.
Simplify childminder regulations
Extend neighbourhood planning to all of England.
Pilot community land auctions (allowing more development).
Give permission to other businesses on the Channel Tunnel and HS1.
Negotiate EU-UK travel arrangements for artists.
Abolish the "Right to Rent" system.
Allow asylum seekers to work after three months.
Negotiate a mutual recognition agreement with the EU.
Increasing regulatory burden
Make pay and conditions uniform across the country for all care workers.
SNP proposes to increase daily expenditures from 2028 to 29 to 18 billion pounds, which are implicitly contained in the current British government's spending plan. It is to avoid reducing to. SNP also suggests that in addition to the increase we have estimated to achieve NHS's lon g-term labor plan, it will further increase English NHS spending by £ 16 billion. When these are combined, this is a really bigger spending compared to the current plan. In other words, the actual annual average annual growth rate of daily public services is not 1 %, but probably 2. 4 to 2. 8 %.
Powers for coroners to assess information held by tech companies after a child's death
SNP has proposed 24 policies to increase regulation burden 24 and reduced by 0 policies.
Require local authorities to decentralise smaller developments instead of approving larger developments.

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Require new homes to meet Passive House or equivalent standards.

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References

Make the minimum energy efficiency standard EPC C.

The right to insist that landlords use property-linked green finance.

Give local authorities the power to put vacant properties back into use.

Abolish no-fault evictions under Article 21.

Introduce long-term leases

Leaseholders' right to request energy efficiency improvements

Private Residential Tenancy Boards

Local authorities, registered landlords and community housing have the "right of first choice" to purchase specific properties at a "reasonable price"

Local plans that set the levels at which development can take place without subsequent negotiations with developers

Footnotes

To demolish, it is necessary to apply a full planning application or a regional development order.
All newly built houses are required to make the most of solar panels, heat pumps, or equivalent low carbon technology.
All planning applications are obliged to include carbon and energy calculations in all life cycles, including construction, maintenance and operation.

Elim Poon - Journalist, Creative Writer

Last modified: 27.08.2024

John Swinney will on Monday say only the SNP will offer a left of centre manifesto as his party defend a challenge from Labour at the general election. The SNP has launched its manifesto, which includes a call for a “boost” to NHS spending and has also called for the next UK government to raise the rate of. John Swinney, the Scottish National party's leader, wants post-election talks with Westminster about a referendum.

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